BSC2085L Practical 1

Axial region

Head to perineum

Appendicular region

Both limbs (arms and legs)

Head

Top of body to chin

Neck

Chin to top of clavicle

Thorax

Clavicle to top of stomach

Abdomen

Top of stomach to pelvic bones

Pelvis

Pelvic bones to genital

Perineum

Between genitals and anus

Trunk region

Neck to perineum

A- and In-

not (for example: avascular is not vascular, involuntary is not voluntary)

Adipo-

fat (adipocyte is a fat cell)

Ante-

before (antebrachial is your forearm- before your arm)

Auto-

self (autonomic describes something that functions on its own, without conscious input, like your autonomic nervous system)

Brach-

arm (brachioradialis is a muscle in your arm near your radius)

Cardio/Cardiac

heart (cardiomyopathy is a disease of heart muscle)

Caudo/Cauda

tail (caudal is used to designate "toward the tail")

Cephal-

head (cephalad is used to designate "toward the head")

-ceps

number of muscle origins (biceps femoris is the muscle near your femur with two origins- same root as "cephal")

Cervic-

neck (cervical vertebrae are in your neck)

Chondro-

cartilage (chondrocytes make the cartilage they're

embedded in)

Cleido-

clavicle (sternocleidomastoid is the muscle attached to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process)

Costal

ribs (costal cartilage is rib cartilage)

Crani-

skull (epicranius is the muscle on top of the cranium)

Cyst-

bladder (cystitis is bladder inflammation- can be used to describe urinary bladder OR gall bladder)

Cyte/Cytic

cell (adipocyte is a fat cell)

Endo-

within/inside (the endocrine system deals with hormones secreted internally)

Epi-/Supra

above (the epigastric region is above your stomach)

Exo/Extra

outside (exocrine gland deals with secretions to the

external environment, the extracellular matrix is outside the cells)

Gastric/Gastro

stomach (epigastric region is above your stomach)

Genesis/-poiesis

making of (gluconeogenesis is making new glucose,

hematopoiesis is making new blood cells)

Glyc/Gluc-

sugar/glucose (proteoglycans are made of protein and sugar, gluconeogenesis is making new glucose)

Hemato-

blood (hematopoiesis is making new blood cells)

Hypo-

below, under (hypogastric region is under the stomach)

Inter-

between (interventricular septum is found between the ventricles)

Intra-

within

-itis

inflammation (cystitis is bladder inflammation)

Lacrima-

tears (lacrimal bone surrounds your tear ducts)

Leuko-

white (leukocytes are white blood cells)

Medulla

middle (the medulla of the adrenal glands is in the middle)

Mid/Mes

middle (midbrain, mesencephalon)

Mono/Uni

one (unicellular describes something that is only one cell)

Multi-

many (multinucleated cells have multiple nuclei)

Myo-

muscle (myocardium is heart muscle)

Neo-

new (gluconeogenesis is the production of new glucose)

Neur-

nerves (neuromuscular junction is the junction between nerve and muscle)

Optic/Ocular

eyes (optic nerve, ocular muscles)

-osis

abnormal (osteoporosis is abnormally porous bone)

Osteo-

bone (osteoporosis is abnormally porous bone)

Otic

ears

-pathy/-pathic

disease (myopathy is a disease of the muscle)

Peri-

around (periosteum surrounds the bone)

Proteo

protein (proteoglycans are protein and glucose)

Sub

below

Supra-

above (suprachiasmatic nucleus is above the optic chiasm)

Thorac-

chest (thoracic vertebrae are at the level of your chest)

Trans-

across

Abdominal

Located below the ribs and above the hips

Acromial

Point of the shoulder

Antebrachial

Forearm

Antecubital

Anterior surface of the elbow

Axillary

Armpit

Brachial

Arm (upper portion of the upper limb)

Buccal

Cheek

Calcaneal

Heel of the foot

Carpal

Wrist

Cephalic

Head

Cervical

Neck

Coxal

Hip

Crural

Leg

Digital

Fingers or toes

Femoral

Thigh

Fibular (peroneal)

Side of the leg

Frontal

Forehead

Gluteal

Buttocks

Hallux

Great toe

Inguinal

Groin

Lumbar

Lower back

Mammary

Breast

Manus

Hand

Mental

Chin

Nasal

Nose

Occipital

Back of the head

Olecranal

Back of the elbow

Oral

Mouth

Orbital

Bony eye socket

Otic

ear

Palmar

Palm of the hand

Patellar

Kneecap

Pedal

Foot

Pelvic

Pelvis

Perineal

Between the anus and the external genitalia

Plantar

Sole of the foot

Pollex

Thumb

Popliteal

Back of the knee

Pubic

Genital

Sacral

Posterior region between the hip bones

Scapular

Shoulder blade

Sternal

Breastbone

Sural

Calf

Tarsal

Ankle