Cellular Bioenergetics and Metabolism

These flashcards cover the key terms and concepts related to cellular bioenergetics and metabolism from the lecture notes.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process by which ATP is generated from the electron transport chain, using the energy released from oxidizing nutrients.

Krebs Cycle

A series of biochemical reactions that convert Acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide, producing energy carriers NADH and FADH2.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.

Deamination

The process of removing an amine group from an amino acid, converting it typically into ammonia.

Fatty Acids

The building blocks of lipids, which can be converted into energy through beta-oxidation.

Beta-Oxidation

The metabolic process where fatty acids are broken down to generate Acetyl-CoA.

Citric Acid Cycle

Another name for the Krebs Cycle, a key part of cellular respiration.

NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a key electron carrier in cellular respiration.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons to generate ATP.

Urea Cycle

A series of biochemical reactions that detoxify ammonia into urea, which is excreted from the body.

Citrate

A compound formed in the Krebs Cycle, it is the first product generated from Acetyl-CoA.

Acetyl-CoA

A central molecule in metabolism that links glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDHC)

An enzyme complex that converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA.

Glucose 6-Phosphate

An intermediate in glycolysis that can also enter other metabolic pathways.

Phosphorylation

The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often used to activate or deactivate enzymes.

Lactate

An organic compound produced during anaerobic respiration when pyruvate is converted in low oxygen conditions.