dental anatomy chapter 14

what is a fossa

a depression

what are the 8 bones in the cranium

frontal,

parietal which is split by the suture in the middle of the head

temporal bone

occipital

spehnoid

and ethmoid bone

what 4 bones form the temporal fossa

temporal, sphenoid, frontal, and parietal

what is a foramen

a small hole

where is the mental foramen located

it’s located on the external surface of the mandible

what is the alveolar bone

the bony process that surrounds the tooth

what is the suture that separates the parietal and frontal bone is called

coronal suture

what is the name of the foramen present on the frontal

supraorbital foramen

what suture separates the two parietal bones

the sagittal suture

what is the name of the suture on the temporal bone

squamous suture

what are the 5 features of the temporal bone

zygomatic process

mandibular fossa

auditory meatus

mastoid process and styloid process

what is the mastoid process connected to

the sternocleidomastoid muscle

what separates the occipital from the parietal

the lambdoid suture

what are the bones that make the occipital bone

foramen magnum

external occipital protuberance

the occipital condyle

the jugular foramen

where does the pituitary gland sit

it sits on the cellaturicica

what is another name for the cellaturccia

turkey saddle

what 5 other bones does the sphenoid bone touch

the frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

ethmoid

what 4 structures make up the ethmoid bone

cristagalli

cribriform plate

perpendicular plate

nasal conchae

at what age do the cranial sutures completely form

at 20 yrs old

what are the 14 bones of the face

maxilla which is split into two

mandible which is one bone

nasal bone x2

inferior nasal conchae x2

volmer bone x1

two palatine bones

two lachrymal bones

two zygomatic bones

what makes up the bridge of the nose

the nasal bones

what muscles are attached to the zygomatic bones

masseter

temporalis

buccinator

the temporal process of ______ bones connect with the ________ process of the _______ bones and connect what?

1-zygomatic bones

2-zygomatic process

3- temporal bone

connects the temporalis and zygomatic bone

what are the two things that form the zygomatic arch

the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

where is the ethmoid bone seen

it’s seen at the midline of the anterior cranium and medial eye sockets

what holds the tear glands

lacrimal bones

what two bones form the the septum

the ethmoid and vomer bone

what are features of the mandible

the mental foramen, the mandibular foramen, condylar process and the coronoid process

explain the pathway for IAN

IAN is the inferior alveolar nerve and the pathway is that it enters through the mandibular foramen and goes through the mandibular canal and exits through the mental foramen

what is the largest bone of the face

The mandible

the mandible doesn’t have a suture to separate it, but is separated by what?

symphisismenti

where is the mental foramen located

it’s locat4ed on above the oblique ridge and below the roots of the premolars

what does the mandibular fossa provide

it provides a passage way for the alveolar nerves and vessels

where does the mylohyoid muscle insert

mylohyoid groove

what is the coronoid process

A triangular projection of the anterior end of the superior border of the ramus

what does the condylar process articulate with?

the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

what form the muscles of mastication

the paraxialmesoderm of the 1st pharyngeal arch

what does ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm mean?

exoderm - outer layer

mesoderm- middle layer

endoderm- inner layer

what are the muscles of mastication

masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid

what shape does the temporalis take?

a old fashion fan style

where does the temporalis originate from and insert at?

it originates at the temporal fossa and inserts at the temporal crest on the mandibular ramus

what movements does the temporalis do?

elevate and retrude

where is the origin of the masseter muscle and what is said about it?

it’s origin is in the zygomatic arch and it is the main muscle of mastication

where does the masseter muscle insert at

it inserts at the lateral surface of the angle of the mandible

how many fibers does the masseter have and what are they?

it has two fibers and they are called the superficial and deep fibers

what are the roles of the two fibers of the masseter

the superficial fibers are responsible for protruding the mandible and the deep fibers are responsible for retracting the mandible

what does the masseter do in terms of movement

elevates and protrudes

where does the medial pterygoid muscle originate

it originates at the pterygoid fossa

where does the medial pterygoid muscle insert at?

the medial surface of the angle of the mandible

what are the movements that the medial pterygoid muscle does

elevated, protrudes, and helps with lateral movements

where is the origin of the lateral pterygoid located?

the lateral pterygoid plate

where does the lateral pterygoid insert?

at the pterygoid fovea

what are movements that the lateral pterygoid do

it depresses, protrudes, and helps the mandible with side to side movements

which three muscles elevate the mandible

the masseter, medial pterygoid, and the temporalis

what muscles depress the mandible

the later pterygoid, supra and intra hyoid

what are the muscles that protrude the mandible

lateral pterygoid and masseter

which cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve and how many divisions does it split into? and what does it do?

it splits into 3 different divisions and is the 5th cranial nerve and causes impulses to the muscles of mastication so that they function

what are the suprahyoid muscles and what doe they do

they’re digastric mylohyoid, and geniohyoid and they affect movement of the mandible

what are the names of the infrahyoid muscles

they are called omohyoid and stern hyoid

the muscle of facial expression are innervated by which nerve

CN7

which 2 nerve innervated the tongue and what are the functions

cranial nerves 9 and 12. 9 helps with sensation and 12 helps move the tongue

what are the anatomical terms for cranial nerves 9 and 12?

cranial nerve 9 is called the glosylapharyngeal nerve and CN12 is called the hypoglosal nerve

which nerve passes through the foramen ovale and which branch is it?

it’s the trigeminal nerve and is the mandibular branch

where does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve pass through?

it passes through the foramen rotundum

what is the passage of drainage of an infection of the chin?

it starts at the submental-submandibular- then to the deep cervical lymph nodes all being lymph nodes

which nerve if blocked numbs the pulp, mandibular canine and surrounding lingual tissue as well as skin around it

it’s IAN- inferior alveolar nerve

name the bones that form the orbit

frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, lachrymal, maxilla ethmoid, and palatine

which artery supplies all the mandibular teeth

the inferior alveolar artery

what nerve is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue innervated and what function does it give?

it’s the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) and gives sensation to the tongue

what are the bones of the zygomatic arch

zygomatic, maxillary, and temporal

what muscle helps your lips to adjust to the shape of a straw?

the obicularis oris

where does the nerve that exits the foramen rotundum enter after?

it enters the pterygoid palatine space

the nerve that passes through the incisive canal is what?

nasal palatine

where does the lateral pterygoid muscle insert at?

it inserts at the pterygoid fovea of the mandibular condyle

what type of fibers does the temporalis muscle have and what movements does it do?

it has anterior and posterior fibers that retrude the mandible

what nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and what is it’s function. and what branch does it innervate

it is CN7 and it’s function is for taste and and the it innnervates the chordatympnal branch

which way does the left pterygoid push the mandible and what way does the right pterygoid push the mandible?

the left pterygoid pushes the mandible to the right and the right pterygoid pushes it to the left.

where does the nasal palatine nerve start and what is the pathway?

it starts at the brain then goes to nasal septum then to the palate through the incisive foramen and the canal

what cranial nerve provides motor function?

the mandibular branch of CN5

what landmark is important when doing a IAN block?

the pterygoid mandibular raphe

what can occur if an injection is done incorrectly

it can lead to a hematoma

what are the names of the branches that the carotid artery splits into

the external carotid artery splits into 3 different branches the facial, lingual, and maxillary while the internal goes straight to the brain.

what is the name of the artery that supplies the inner chin and lower lip

the mental artery

where does the mandibular nerve exit and then pass through

it’s exits through the foramen ovale and then through the infratemple space

what is the pathway for innervation for the anterior mandibular teeth

starts at the brain- through foramen ovale- infrtemple space- mandibular raphe- mandibular foramen- canal- mental foramen- then to the anterior mandibular teeth