Early U.S. Political Parties: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists (1790s)

Federalist

Hamilton's supporters of the financial program.

Anti federalist

Hamilton's opposition to the financial programs, most people referred to themselves as this.

Leaders of Federalists

Alexander Hamilton, John Adams.

Leaders of Anti Federalists

Thomas Jefferson, James Madison.

Supporters of Federalists

Wealthy lenders, coastal merchants, and small manufacturers.

Supporters of Anti Federalists

Plantation owners, farmers, settlers on the frontier.

Belief of Federalists about national government

Favored a strong federal government - Loose Constructionist.

Hamilton's economic plan

Federal takeover of debt, tariffs, National Bank - lends money to businesses.

Goal of Hamilton's economic plan

Wanted to repair the relationship with Britain.

Belief of Anti Federalists about national government

Strict constructionist (limit the federal government) by declaring the Bank of the US as unconstitutional.

Agricultural policies of Anti Federalists

To gain more land for farmers.

Support of Anti Federalists

Supported the French Revolution against any relationship with Britain.

Cabinet

Department heads or a group of advisers.

Judiciary Act 1789

Congress established 13 district courts, 3 courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court.

Bill of Rights

12 constitutional amendments sent to the states for ratification, only 10 were approved and went into effect in 1791.

Tariff Act 1789

Required importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when they landed it in the United States.

Bonds

Paper notes promising to repay money after a certain length of time with interest.

Speculators

People willing to take a risk in hopes of a future financial gain.

District of Columbia

The capital/a section of land along the Potomac River.

Enumerated powers

Powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

Implied powers

Powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but necessary for the government to do its job.

Bank of the United States

A national bank that would collect taxes, regulate trade, and provide for the common defense.

Whiskey Rebellion

A rebellion where western Pennsylvanian farmers terrorized tax collectors and destroyed whiskey-making stills after a tax on whiskey.

Congress's cabinet offices created in 1789

Department of State, Department of the Treasury, Office of the Attorney General, Department of War.

Reason South was against the tariff

The tariffs increased the rates of shipping their rice and tobacco to Europe.

Hamilton's financial program

To accept the debts of the Continental Congress at their full value.

Opposition to Hamilton's plans

Southerners opposed the plan because most of the Northern merchants would own most of the bank's stock.

Differences between Federalists and Republicans

Federalists supported Hamilton's Federal Program, while Republicans were opponents of his Federal Program.