PSY 100 Chapter 2

The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural tranmission. This tissue is:

A. dopamine

B. the myelin sheath

C. acetylcholine

D. an endorphin

B. the myelin sheath

Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the

A. voluntary nervous system

B. autonomic nervous system

C. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

D. somantic nervous system

B. autonomic nervous system

A strong stimulus can increase

A. speed of the impulse the neuron fires.

B. intensity of the impulse of the neuron fires.

C. Number of times the neuron fires.

D. threshold that must be reached before the neuron fires.

C. Number of times the neuron fires.

The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributed able to the fact that

A. under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins.

B. under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotrsmitters.

C. during heroin withdrawal the brains production of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased.

D. Heroin destroys endorphin receports in the brain.

A. under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins.

The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brains usage of glucose is called (in abbreviated form) the

A. PET scan

B. fMRI

C. EEG

D. MRI

A. PET scan

The effect of a drug that is antagonist to

A. cause the brain to stop producing certain transmitters.

B. mimic a particular neurotransmitter.

C. block a particular transmitter.

D. Disrupt a neurons all-or-nothing firing pattern.

C. block a particular transmitter.

Through there is no single "control center" for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the

A. limbic system

B. reticular formation

C. brainstem

D. cerebellum

A. limbic system

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple relfex?

A. sensory neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron

B. interneuron, motor neuron, sensory neuron

C. sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

D. interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron

C. sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

Damage to the ___ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend language.

A. the angular gyrus

B. Broca's area

C. Wernicke's area

D. frontal lobe association area

C. Wernicke's area

Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere?

A. language

B. learned voluntary movements

C. arithmetic reasoning

D. perpetual tasks

D. perpetual tasks

Dr. Hernandez is studying neurotransmiter abnormalities in depressed patients. She would most likely describe herself as a

A. personality psychologist

B. clinical psychologist

C. psychoanalyst

D. biological psychologist

C. psychoanalyst

The increasing complexity of animals' behavior is accompanied by an

A. increase in the size of the brainstem.

B. increase in the depth of the corpus callosum.

C. increase in the size of the frontal lobes.

D. increase in the amount of association area.

D. increase in the amount of association area.

Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the

A. sympathetic nervous system.

B. somantic nervous system.

C. parasympathetic nervous system.

D. autonomic nervous system.

B. somantic nervous system.

A neuron will generate action potentials when it

A. remains below threshold.

B. receives an excitatory input

C. receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs

D. is stimulated by a neurotransmitter

C. receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of neural impuls?

A. axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse

B. dendrite, axon, cell body, synapse

C. synapse, axon, dendrite, cell body

D. dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

D. dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

Chemical messangers produced by endocrine glands are called

A. agonists

B. neurtransmitters

C. hormones

D. enzymes

C. hormones

Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake. Most likely, the damage occurred to the

A. thalamust

B. corpus callosum

C. reticular formation

D. cerebellum

C. reticular formation

An experimenter flashes the world FLYTRAP onto a screen facing a split-brain patient so that FLY projects to her right hemisphere and TRAP to her left hemisphere. When asked what she saw, the patient will

A. say she saw FLY

B. say she saw TRAP

C. paint to FLY using her right hand.

D. point to TRAP using her left hand.

B. say she saw TRAP

Coritcal areas that are not primarily concerned with sensory, motor, or language functions are

A. called projection areas.

B. called associatin areas.

C. located mostly in the parietal lobe.

D. located mostly in the temporal lobe.

B. called associatin areas.

In the brain, learning occurs as experince strengthens certain connections in call work groups called

A. action potentials

B. neural networks

C. endocrine systems

D. dendrites

B. neural networks

nervous system consists of:

central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) + peripheral nervous system (somatic and autonomic).

somatic

voluntary

autonomic

run everything without thinking about ex. temperature and heart rate

Central core (older brain structures)

contrains cerebellum and thalamus

cerebellum

smooth movement and some nonverbal learning/memory

thalamus

send sensory messages to other parts of the brain - relay station for seeing, hearing, tasting, and touching

limbic system

two functions: memory and emotion

contains hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

hyothalamus

hunger, thirst, sex, emotion/feelings of reward

amygdala

evaluates emotional significance of information

hippocampus

gateway to memory

Outer layer is the Cerebral Cortex (higher thinking skills):

highly involved area of the brain, last part of the brain to develop in humans

frontal lobe - "executive processing system" Most highly evolved area of the brain and last to develop in children

Functions: Planning, problem solving, thinking about the future - coordinating information to achieve a goal, but also the ability to formulate a goal

neurons

specialized cells, do not touch each other (synaptic space) by an electrical chemical process

axonal conduction

unidirectional (information is determined by dendrites), all-or-none, electrochemical

neurotransmitters

chemical that creates communication between two neurons

Which of the following is typically controlled by the left hemisphere?

A. spatial reasoning

B. word recognition

C. the left side of the body

D. perceptual skills

B. word recognition

When Sandy scalded her toe in a tub of hot water, the pain message was carried to her spinal cord by the ___ nervous system.

A. somantic

B. sympathetic

C. parasympathetic

D. central

A. somantic

Which of the following are governed by the simplest neural pathways?

A. emotions

B. physiological drives, such as hunger

C. relexes

D. movements, such as walking

C. relexes

Meliss has just completed running a marathon. She is so elated that she feels little fatigue or discomfort. Her lack of pain or probably the result of the release of

A. ACh

B. endorphines

C. dopamine

D. norepinephrine

B. endorphines

Damage to the ___ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to speak.

A. the angular gyrus

B. Broca's area

C. Wernicke's area

D. frontal lobe association areas

B. Broca's area

The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called

A. the EEG

B. a lseion

C. a PET scan

D. MRI

D. MRI

The myelin sheath that is on some neurons

A. increases the speed of neural transmission.

B. slows neural transmission.

C. regulates the release of neurotransmitters.

D. prevents positive ions from passing through the membrane.

A. increases the speed of neural transmission.

I am a relatively fast-acting chemical messanger that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. What am I?

A. acetylcholine

B. dopamine

C. norepinephrine

D. serototin

D. serototin

The neurotransmitter ACh is most likely to be found

A. at the junction between sensory neurons and muscle fibers.

B. at the junction between motor neurons and muscle fibers.

C. at junctions between interneurons.

D. in all of these locations.

B. at the junction between motor neurons and muscle fibers.

The gland that reulates body growth is the

A. adrenal

B. thyroid

C. hypothalamus

D. pituitary

D. pituitary

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are ___ that are released by the ___ gland.

A. neurotransmitters; pituitary

B. homones; pituitary

C. neurotransmitters; thyroid

D. hormones; adrenal

D. hormones; adrenal

Jessica expereinece difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is likely that she injured her

A. medulla

B. thalamus

C. hypothalamus

D. cerebellum

D. cerebellum

Moruzzi and Magoun caused a cat to lapse into a coma by serving neural connections between the cortex and the

A. reicular formation

B. hypothalamus

C. thalamus

D. cerebellum

A. reicular formation

Research has found that the amount of representation in the motor cortex relfects the

A. size of the body parts.

B. degree of precise control required by each of the parts.

C. Sensitivity of the body region.

D. are of the occipital lobe being stimulated by the environment.

B. degree of precise control required by each of the parts.

The effect of a drug that is on agonist is to

A. cause of the brain to stop producing certain transmitters.

B. Mimic a particular neurotransmitter

C. block a particular neurotransmitter.

D. disrupt a neuron's all-or-none patters.

B. Mimic a particular neurotransmitter

The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemisphers and that have been severed in a split-brain patients form a structure called

A. reticular formation

B. association areas

C. corpus callosum

D. parietal lobes

C. corpus callosum

Following the nail gun wound to his head, Jack became more uninhibited, irritable, dishonest, and proface. It is liekly that his personality change was the result of injury to his

A. parietal lobe

B. temporal lobe

C. occipital lobe

D. frontal lobe

D. frontal lobe

Three year old Marco suffered damage to the speech area of the brain's left hemisphere when he fell from a swing. Reaserch suggested that

A. he may never speak again.

B. his motor abilities may improve so that he can easily use sign language.

C. his right hemisphere may take over musch of the language function.

D. his earlier expereince with speech may enable him to continue speaking.

C. his right hemisphere may take over musch of the language function