Chapter 22: Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Metabolism

Draw a glucose molecule!

C6H12O6

Glycolysis is the ________ of glucose

Breakdown

Gluconeogenesis is the _______ of glucose

Formation

Glycogen is a complex, branched chain of many ____ molecules, acting as the primary storage form of energy in liver and muscles.

Glucose

_______ is the primary storage form of energy in liver and muscles

Glycogen

What is the activation reaction for glycogen synthesis?

Glucose-1-P + UTP —> UDP-Glucose +PPi

In glucose activation, it must be converted into _________

UDP-glucose

In glucose activation, ________ (PPi) is released from the reaction of glucose and UTP and then hydrolyzed into 2 Pi (inorganic phosphate)

pyrophosphate

In glucose activation, the enzyme ________ converts glucose to UDP-glucose

UFP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

Large glycogen primers start chain elongation with a small protein called _________

Glycogenin

Chain elongation of large glycogen polymers start with the enzyme _______

Glycogen synthase

The enzyme _____ initiates glycogen branch formation by transferring a SEGMENT of residues from on chain

amylo-(1,4 —> 1,6)-transglycosylase

Branching is important to (increase/decrease) solubility and the rate of synthesis AND breakdown

Increase

When glycogen breaks down products can go 3 different pathways

Glycolysis, Blood Glucose (in Liver), Pentose Phosphate Pathway

__________ is the MAIN enzyme in glycogen breakdown

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Glycogen Phosphorylase breaks down glucose using inorganic phosphate (Pi) through a process called __________

Phosphorolysis