US 1 Final Review

Louisiana Purchase

1803 land deal that doubled U.S. territory; bought from France.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward.

Mexican-American War

War between U.S. and Mexico from 1846 to 1848; ended with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

James K. Polk

President who strongly supported Manifest Destiny and led U.S. in the Mexican-American War.

Gold Rush (1849)

Mass migration to California after the discovery of gold.

Dred Scott Case (1857)

Supreme Court ruled enslaved people were property, not citizens.

Popular Sovereignty

Idea that settlers in territories could vote on slavery.

Compromise of 1850

Admitted California as a free state; included a stricter Fugitive Slave Law.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed ban on slavery in new territories; ultimately failed.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Allowed popular sovereignty in those territories, leading to Bleeding Kansas.

Bleeding Kansas

Violent conflict between pro- and anti-slavery settlers.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that increased anti-slavery sentiment in the North.

Abolitionists Movement

Movement aimed at ending slavery.

Frederick Douglass

Former slave and powerful speaker and writer in the abolitionist movement.

William Lloyd Garrison

Radical abolitionist who published The Liberator.

Underground Railroad

Secret network that helped enslaved people escape.

Secession

Southern states' departure from the Union after Lincoln’s election in 1860.

Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War; resulted in Confederate victory.

Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle during the Civil War; led to the Emancipation Proclamation.

Gettysburg

Turning point of the Civil War, marked by a Union victory in 1863.

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Freed enslaved people in rebelling states.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

Black Codes

Laws aimed to limit the rights of freed Black Americans.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist group that opposed Reconstruction.

Federalism

Balance of power between national and state governments.

John Marshall

Chief Justice whose decisions strengthened federal power.

Spoils system

Practice of giving jobs to political supporters, associated with Andrew Jackson.

Transcontinental Railroad

Linked the East and West coasts, fueling expansion.

Cyrus McCormick

Invented the mechanical reaper, which boosted farming.

Utopian Communities

Experimental societies aimed at achieving perfection.

Cult of Domesticity

Cultural belief that women's roles were focused in the home.

Amistad Case

Legal case involving enslaved Africans who took over a ship, eventually defended by John Quincy Adams.