DISASTERS

15-20 minutes

What is the target duration for the lecture on disaster risk reduction and management?

Three

How many parts are there to the disaster risk reduction and management lecture?

Disasters, concepts to think about disasters, and the organization of the disaster risk and management system

What are the three main parts of the lecture on disaster risk reduction and management?

Integrative slides

What kind of slides should be studied for a quick big picture understanding of disasters?

1972 Central Luzon flood

Which disaster was Dr. Dayrit involved in as a first-year medical student, causing class suspension for a week?

1990 Baguio earthquake

Which disaster involved the collapse of the Hyatt Terraces Hotel in Baguio City, requiring deployment of teams from the Department of Health?

Mount Pinatubo eruption

Which disaster in 1991 required teams to organize vaccination for indigenous people?

Secretary of Health

What was Dr. Dayrit's position during the 2001 September 11 attack on the World Trade Center?

Man-made disaster

How did Dr. Dayrit categorize the September 11 attack on the World Trade Center?

SARS

What infectious disease disaster, a "cousin of COVID-19," did Dr. Dayrit lead the prevention efforts for as Secretary of Health in 2003?

COVID-19

Which infectious disease disaster did the audience likely experience in college in 2020?

Number one or two

What is the Philippines' global ranking among disaster-prone countries?

Typhoons

What type of disaster does the Philippines experience phenomenally often?

Earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones, floods

Besides typhoons, what other types of disasters does the Philippines frequently experience?

Itogon, Benguet

Where did the landslide example occur, affecting a mining town?

100

How many deaths resulted from the Itogon landslide?

20

How many people were injured in the Itogon landslide?

Chaotic

How was the immediate response to the Itogon landslide described?

Comprehensive organizational response

What is crucial for an effective disaster response, beyond individual romantic notions of surgery?

Medical, public health, water and sanitation, nutrition, mental health

List five types of response teams organized during a disaster.

Confusion, non-child-friendly food, difficulty getting potable water, unprepared for shelter, psychological trauma

According to a nurse involved, what were some challenges faced during the Itogon landslide response?

Management of the event, management of the victims, management of the service providers, information system, management of non-human resources (logistics)

What are the five key components of a well-organized and effective disaster response as shown in the integrative slide?

Incident command, operations, coordination, early warning and continuing monitoring

What are the aspects of "management of the event" in a well-organized disaster response?

Food, shelter, clothing

What are the basic needs for survival that the majority of disaster victims require?

Cooks and body bags

What specific needs were identified for service providers during the Baguio earthquake?

Who's affected, where they are, what they need; where disaster respondents are, how equipped they are, how well coordinated, what they need

What kind of information needs to be organized very quickly in a disaster response information system?

Logistics

What is the term for the management of non-human resources, including supplies like water, blankets, and tents?

Mental health response

What type of disaster response involves helping children and victims cope psychologically?

Butuan City, Caraga region

Where is the capital city mentioned in relation to Typhoon Odette?

Siargao

Where was the unexpected landfall of Typhoon Odette in December 2021?

Category 5 tropical cyclone

What was the intensity of Typhoon Odette?

260 kilometers per hour

What were the wind speeds of Typhoon Odette?

Huge infrastructure damage, communication lines cut, no electricity for a month, impassable roads, 80% homes damaged, government units damaged, resorts damaged

What were some immediate impacts of Typhoon Odette in Siargao, as reported by Dr. Arlene Sebastian?

Health center, RHU, delivery room

What types of health facilities were damaged by Typhoon Odette?

Deaths, diarrheal disease outbreak, service disruption, contaminated water, increased malnutrition, mental health toll, no suicides (identified), no gender violence (identified), no livelihood

What were the health impacts of Typhoon Odette summarized by Dr. Sebastian?

Rural areas

According to Dr. Sebastian's lessons learned, what areas are at a disadvantage regarding healthcare access during disasters?

Less access to healthcare, fewer medical practitioners, fewer health programs

Why are rural areas at a disadvantage in disaster situations?

Pre-disaster conditions

What should be dealt with to create resilience even before a disaster hits, according to Dr. Sebastian?

Resilience

What is the capacity to cope better against a disaster?

Hazard, exposure, vulnerability

What are the three main ideas that form the basis for thinking about disasters?

Risk ∝ Hazard + Exposure + Vulnerability

What is the equation that summarizes the concept of disaster risk?

Reducing the hazard, reducing the exposure, or reducing the vulnerability

How can the risk of a disaster be reduced?

Disrupts normal conditions beyond the capacity of a community to adjust or to cope

How is a disaster defined in the lecture?

Poverty, lack of institutions, poor education, lack of local investments, unsafe conditions

What are the underlying causes of vulnerability?

Susceptibility, lack of coping capacities, lack of adaptive capacities

What three components make up vulnerability?

Susceptibility

What term refers to the state of being easily affected, often due to geographical location?

Fringe of the Pacific Ocean

Why is the Philippines highly susceptible to typhoons?

40 to 50

How many typhoons does the Philippines experience annually?

Tendency of an area to undergo the effects of hazards

What does susceptibility refer to in terms of geographical location?

Coping capacities

What term relates to the present, immediate response to prevent or deal with disaster consequences?

Bringing in tents, water and sanitation facilities, rescue teams

Give examples of coping mechanisms in a flooded or landslide-affected area.

Adaptive capacities

What term involves transformational change to become less prone to disasters?

Existence of institutions and networks that learn and store knowledge and experience, create flexibility in problem solving, and balance power

What does the definition of adaptive capacities relate to, besides transformational change?

Flood control programs

What is an example of an adaptive mechanism mentioned, despite criticisms of corruption?

Holland (Netherlands)

Which country is cited as a major example of good adaptation due to building dikes below sea level?

Japan

Which country is mentioned for its adaptive capacity in building earthquake-resistant structures?

Scientific input

What is often involved in developing adaptive capacity?

Very high

How does the Philippines score in terms of exposure and vulnerability?

Number one

What is the Philippines' World Risk Index ranking?

Resilience

What concept describes a system's capacity to recover after a shock?

To the present state or even beyond it

For a system to be considered highly resilient after a shock, to what state should it recover?

Collapses

What indicates a lack of resilience in a system after a disaster?

2010

When was the legislative framework for disaster risk reduction and management passed in the Philippines?

Department of National Defense (DND)

Which government agency serves as the chairperson of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)?

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

Which agency is responsible for disaster prevention at the national level?

Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

Which agency is responsible for disaster preparedness at the national level?

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

Which agency is responsible for disaster response and recovery at the national level?

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

Which agency is responsible for disaster rehabilitation and long-term recovery at the national level?

Disaster prevention and mitigation, disaster preparedness

In which phases does adaptation primarily happen?

Local government units (LGUs)

At what level do disaster risk reduction and management efforts involve the governor or mayor?

Incident commander

Who is the operational person at the local government level who reports to the governor or mayor during a disaster?

Operations, planning, logistics, and financing

What are the four sections local governments have to organize for disaster response?

Emergency Operation Center

What facility coordinates disaster response at the regional and local levels?

Marikina

Which city is highlighted as a success story in adaptive response to monsoon rains?

Early warning system for evacuation

What system did Marikina implement for monsoon rains?

River rehabilitation program

What program did Marikina create to minimize flood risk?

Removing obstructions in waterways, removing informal settlers, removing solid waste, dredging the river

What actions were involved in Marikina's river rehabilitation program?

The apex of the country's disaster response

How is the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) described in relation to the country's disaster response?

Dr. Manuel M. Dayrit

Who is the author of "An Introduction to Public Health Policy"?

Ateneo School of Medicine & Public Health

With which institution is Dr. Dayrit affiliated?

Government Policy, Public Policy, Health Policy, Public Health Policy

What four terms are used interchangeably in the public health policy lecture?

The Policy Cycle, instruments of policy-making, the process of law-making, Philippine health laws, how to evaluate health policy, how to develop expertise in health policy

What are the discussion points for the public health policy lecture?

A set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, business organization, a government, or a political party

How is "policy" defined according to the Cambridge dictionary?

Ambisyon Natin 2040

What is the national vision mentioned in the lecture?

Matatag, Maginhawa, Panatag

What are the three pillars of Ambisyon Natin 2040?

"Walang namamatay sa sakit dahil sa kawalan ng pera" (No one dies from sickness due to lack of money)

What is the health-related goal within Ambisyon Natin 2040?

Universal Health Care (UHC)

What is an important component of long-term development initiatives like Ambisyon Natin 2040 and SDG 2030?

A legal mandate for the DOH and other agencies to improve health services

What does the UHC Act provide?

Agenda Setting, Policy Formulation, Policy Implementation

What are the three stages of the policy cycle?

Republic Act (RA)

What type of policy issuance refers to laws effective nationally, mandating, penalizing, or appropriating funds?

President of the Philippines

Who approves Republic Acts?

Executive Order (EO)

What type of policy issuance refers to rules or regulations of a general or permanent nature, implemented by the President under his/her statutory authority?

EO 51 or the Milk Code

Give an example of an Executive Order that has the effect of a Republic Act.

Administrative Order (AO)

What type of policy issuance prescribes policies, rules, regulations, and procedures promulgated by DOH or other government agencies?

President of the Philippines or Department Secretary

Who approves Administrative Orders?

Can define policies in the absence of a law

What unique characteristic do Administrative Orders have regarding policy definition?

PhilHealth Circular, FDA Circulars, NNC Governing Board Resolutions

Give three examples of "Other Administrative Issuances."

Local Government Issuance - Resolutions

What type of policy issuance is effective only in the jurisdiction of a local government unit?

Local Chief Executive (Governors/Mayors)

Who approves Local Government Issuances?

Smoking ban in Davao City

Give an example of a Local Government Issuance.