General Psychology Final Exam set 2

Flashcards for General Psychology Final Exam Review

Personality

The characteristic sets of behaviors, cognitions, and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors.

Anxiety

A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.

Panic Disorder

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden attacks of terror, usually accompanied by a pounding heart, sweatiness, weakness, faintness, or dizziness.

Psychoanalytic Perspective

A theory of personality development, human behavior, and psychotherapy.

Humanistic Perspective

A psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person.

ID

The primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories.

EGO

The realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego.

SUPEREGO

Incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one's parents and others.

DSM-V-TR

The standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States.

Levels of Awareness (Freud)

Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

Clinical Psychology

The branch of psychology concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness and disability.

Psychiatrist

A medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.

Free Association

A practice in psychoanalytic therapy in which a patient is encouraged to verbalize whatever comes to mind.

Regression

A defense mechanism in which an individual reverts to an earlier stage of development in the face of unacceptable thoughts or impulses.

Client-Centered Therapy

A humanistic approach to psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers.

Inferiority Complex

A feeling that one is deficient in some way.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or behaviors.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Accepting and respecting others as they are without judgment or evaluation.

Major Depression

A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest or pleasure.

Big Five Personality Factors

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Manic Episode

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood.

Projective Personality Tests

A personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into the test.

Antidepressant Medications

Medications used to treat depression.

Stress

A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of weight.

Causes of Schizophrenia

Genetic predisposition, brain abnormalities, and environmental factors.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behavior.

Social Psychology

The study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by a long-standing pattern of disregard for other people's rights.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to overemphasize dispositional or personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while underemphasizing situational explanations.

Dissociative Disorder

A condition that involves disruptions or breakdowns of memory.

Blaming the Victim

The tendency to blame individuals for their victimization.

External Locus of Control

The belief that one's reinforcements are controlled by outside forces such as luck.

Diffusion of Responsibility

A social psychological phenomenon that tends to occur in groups of people above a certain critical size.

Delusions

False beliefs that do not change even when there is evidence to the contrary.

Social Loafing

The phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.

Hallucination

A sensory experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation.

Conformity

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A subtype of schizophrenia where the patient has delusions or auditory hallucinations.

Biopsychosocial Perspective

A model that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors.

Goal of Psychoanalysis

To bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness.

Daily Hassles

Minor irritations and annoyances that are part of our everyday lives.

Goal of Cognitive Therapy

To identify and change negative thought patterns.

Type A Personality

Characterized by an ambitious, time-conscious, rigidly organized, status-conscious, and hostile individual.

Type B Personality

Characterized by relaxed, less stressed, flexible and emotional behavior.

Health Psychology

The study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare.

Client Centered Therapy

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth.

Antidepressant Medications

A class of medications used to treat depression that affect levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain.

Defense Mechanism

In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Cognitive Therapy

Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.