INFECTION CONTROL

What is the chain of infection?

The process through which a pathogen leaves a source, reaches a host, and enters the body

What is the first link in the chain of infection?

Infectious agent

What is the second link in the chain of infection?

Reservoir or source

What is the portal of exit?

The way a pathogen leaves its source

What is the mode of transmission?

The method by which a pathogen reaches another person

What is the portal of entry?

The way a pathogen enters a new host

What is the susceptible host?

A person vulnerable to infection

What are common portals of entry?

Broken skin, mucous membranes, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive system

What is direct contact transmission?

Transmission through direct physical contact

What is droplet transmission?

Transmission through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing

What is indirect transmission?

Transmission through contaminated objects or surfaces

What is vector transmission?

Transmission through an insect or animal

Who is especially vulnerable to infection?

Young children, older adults, chronically ill patients, immunocompromised patients, and patients recovering from surgery

What is a nosocomial infection?

An infection acquired in a healthcare facility

What is one major way to prevent nosocomial infections?

Consistent hand hygiene

What is hand hygiene?

Cleaning the hands to reduce transmission of microorganisms

Why is hand hygiene important?

It is one of the most important infection-control practices

What should healthcare workers do after caring for an infectious patient?

Perform hand hygiene

What are Standard Precautions?

Precautions used when caring for patients to reduce exposure to infectious materials

What does PPE stand for?

Personal protective equipment

What is the purpose of PPE?

Minimizes exposure to workplace hazards

What PPE may be used for infectious patients?

Gloves, masks, gowns, and goggles

What does airborne precaution involve?

Protective measures for infections transmitted through the air

What type of room is used for a patient with active tuberculosis?

Negative-pressure room

What respiratory protection is used when caring for a patient with tuberculosis?

An N95 respirator or other appropriate respirator

What should a patient with tuberculosis wear during transport?

A surgical mask

What should healthcare workers do when leaving a TB patient's room?

Wash their hands