temperature requirementis

Temperature Requirements

1. Psychrotrophic/facultative psychrophiles. 2. Psychrophilic/cold-loving. 3. Mesophilic. 4. Thermophilic/heat-loving. 5. Hyperthermophilic.

Psychrotrophic/Facultative Psychrophiles

Can grow at 0°C; optimum temperature is 20–30°C; maximum is approximately 35°C.

Psychrophilic/Cold-loving

Require temperatures below 10°C.

Mesophilic

Grow at 20–45°C; minimum temperature is approximately 15–20°C.

Thermophilic/Heat-loving

Grow above 55°C; minimum temperature is 45°C; optimum temperature is 55–65°C.

Hyperthermophilic

Have an optimum temperature of 80–110°C; usually do not grow well below 55°C.

Temperature Requirements: Coldest to Hottest

Psychrophilic → Psychrotrophic → Mesophilic → Thermophilic → Hyperthermophilic.

37°C Incubation Temperature

Used for most microorganisms pathogenic for animals.

42°C Incubation Temperature

Campylobacter jejuni and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.

28–30°C Incubation Temperature

Leptospira interrogans serovars.

4°C Incubation Temperature

Cold enrichment of Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis.

Incubation Temperature Examples

37°C → most microorganisms pathogenic for animals; 42°C → Campylobacter jejuni and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; 28–30°C → Leptospira interrogans serovars; 4°C → cold enrichment of Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis.

Incubation Time

1. 24–48 hours. 2. 48–72 hours. 3. 4–6 days. 4. 2–3 weeks. 5. 4–16 weeks.

24–48 Hours Incubation

Salmonella, E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae.

48–72 Hours Incubation

Selective media, e.g. Streptococcus.

4–6 Days Incubation

Brucella, Campylobacter, Nocardia asteroides, Mycoplasma, and fast fungi.

2–3 Weeks Incubation

Mycobacterium bovis.

4–16 Weeks Incubation

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Incubation Time Examples

24–48 h → Salmonella, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae; 48–72 h → selective media such as Streptococcus; 4–6 days → Brucella, Campylobacter, Nocardia asteroides, Mycoplasma, fast fungi; 2–3 weeks → Mycobacterium bovis; 4–16 weeks → Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Incubation Atmosphere

1. Normal aerobic — standard air. 2. 5–10% CO₂. 3. Anaerobic.

Normal Aerobic Atmosphere

Standard air.

5–10% CO₂ Atmosphere

Used for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinomyces viscosus, Brucella spp., Campylobacter jejuni/fetus, Dermatophilus congolensis, Francisella tularensis, Haemophilus spp., and Taylorella equigenitalis.

Campylobacter jejuni/fetus Atmosphere

6% O₂, 10% CO₂, and 84% N₂.

Anaerobic Atmosphere

Used for Actinomyces bovis, Bacteroides, Campylobacter mucosalis, Clostridium, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.