AP SEMINAR

Ad Hominem

Someone attacks the person instead of the person

Appeal to emotion

Someone who manipulates feelings instead of logic/evidence

Bibliography

List of sources consulted in research

Citations

In text acknowledgment of sources

Consequences

Outcome or results of an argument, action, or decision

False Dilemma

Presenting only two options when there are more to exist

Metacognition

Thinking about someone’s way of thinking and reflecting on learning and reasoning

Overgeneralization

Broad conclusion drawn from limited evidence

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Assuming that because one event follows another, it must have caused it

Red herring

Distraction from the main issue

Situate

To place something in context, showing relevance to a broader conversation

Slippery slope

Claiming one action will inevitably lead to extreme outcomes without sufficient evidence

Stakeholder

A person or group with an interest or investment in an issue

Strawman

Someone misinterprets an opposing argument to make it easier to attack

Tautology

A statement that repeats itself or is redundant (not useful) without adding meaning

Alignment

Cohesion between the focus of inquiry, collecting information, process of analyzing, and conclusions

Bias

Personal opinion or belief that can be easily influenced

Complex issue

An issue involving many facts that must be addressed to understand

Concession

Acknowledgment and acceptance of an opposing factor

Conventions

The stylistic feature of writing

Cross-curricular

Goes beyond the traditional boundary of a single content area

Deductive

Reasoning that constructs general propositions supported by evidence

Fallacy

Evidence or reasoning that is false or in error

Implication

A possible future effect or result

Inductive

Reasoning that presents evidence that lead to a logical conclusion

Inquiry

seeking truth, information, or knowledge through researching

Interdisciplinary

Involving two or more areas of knowledge

Rebuttal

Contradicting a perspective with more convincing evidence

Refutation

Disapproving an opposing perspective by providing counterclaims

Validity

The extent to which an argument or claim is logical

Vocal variety

Changing vocal characteristics to emphasize ideas, emotions, or opinion