genchem finals

JJ THOMSON

discovered electron

JJ THOMSON

cathode ray experiment

JJ THOMSON

plum pudding model

Corpuscles

later called electrons

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

gold foil experiment

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

discovered protons

EUGENE GOLDSTEIN

discovered anode / canode rays

PLANETARY MODEL

atom was like a mini solar system

Hans Geiger & George Marsden

particles are concentrated in a small dense region of an tom, this region is called nucleus

JAMES CHADWICK

discovered neutrons

James Chadwick

Beryllium Experiment

James Chadwick

Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935

George Ernst Stahl

Discovered phlogiston

Phlogiston

universal component of fire

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

first breakthrough in the study of chemical reaction

common air

reaction of a metal

Water in a very pure state

reacted oxygen with inflammable air obtaining

Law of conservation of mass

states that matter can be neither created or destroyed

Law of Conservation of mass

the total mass of the reactant is the same as the total mass of products

Joseph Proust

proposed the law of constant composition

Law of constant composition

if a pure compound is broken down to its constituent elements, the masses of the constituents will always have the same proportions

John Dalton

proposed the law of multiple proportion

law of multiple proportion

two elements for a series of compounds, the masses of one that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in the ratio of small integers to each other

Democritus

he said that atomos are uncuttable

Dmitri Mendeleev

invented periodic table of elements

jj thomson

nobel prize winning physicist

jj thomson

made atomic physics a modern science

max planck

proposed the quantum theory

ernest rutherford

greatest experimentalist

1919

what year did ernest discovered proton

ernest rutherford

nobel prize in chemistine in 1908

outside, -1

location if electron and it’s value

electron

responsible for almost all chemical properties

nucleus

unchanged in chemical reactions

charge number (q)

difference of protons and electrons

atomic number

is the soul of the atom, and does not change during chemical reactions

ion

electrons are removed and captured in an atom, it becomes charged and is transformed to an

cation

removal of electrons: donates

anion

gains electron: negatively charged

molecular formula

common way to represent molecules

molecular formula

written down with a subscript

empirical formula

simple whole number ration

structural formula

more complex molecules

hydrocarbon

made up entirely of carbon & hydrogens

complete structural formula

all bonds and atoms are shown

condensed structural formula

connected to a specific carbon are represented like molecular formula

structural formula

skeletal or line angle formula

space filling model

better estimate of actual molecule shape

atom

badic building block of matter

atom

smallest piece of unit that maintains a unique identity & property

element

simplest form of matter

isotopes

same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

molecules

combination of two or more atoms

molecules

smallest part of a substance

Ions

electrons move from one species to another

anion

number of electrons > number of protons

cation

number of electrons < number of protons

monoatomic ions

metals typically lose electrons to form anions

multivalent ions

metal can have more than one charge

nonmetals

gain electrons to form anions

polyatomic ions

ions that contain more than one type of atom

strong covalent bonds

atoms are held tgt by

ionic compounds

combination of cations and anions

electrostatic forces

ionic compounds are held tgt by?

ionic compounds

are electrically neutral

strong electrolytes

conduct electricity

nonelectrolytes

do not conduct electricity