Bio 101 (Chapter 4)

isomer

each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.

cis isomers

The isomer in which the two chlorine (Cl) atoms lie on the same side of the molecule

Trans isomer

“X” and “Y” groups lie on opposite sides of the double bond

enantiomers

each of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other.

hydroxyl

-OH

Hydrophilic

Neutral

carbonyl

-C=O

Hydrophilic

Neutral

carboxyl

-COOH

Hydrophilic

Acidic

amino

—NH₂

Hydrophilic

Basic

sulfhydryl

S-H

Slightly Hydrophilic

Weakly Acidic

phosphate

—PO₄²⁻

Highly Hydrophilic

Strongly Acidic

methyl

—CH₃

Hydrophobic

Neutral

Describe how ATP is used as a storage molecule of chemical potential energy.

• ATP has 3 phosphate groups.

• The bonds between these phosphate groups, especially the last one, store a lot of energy.

• These bonds are easy to break, and when the last phosphate is removed, energ