Anat Ch 7

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on the axial skeleton.

Axial Skeleton

Protects many of the body’s organs, such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. Also supports the storage and release of calcium.

Axial Skeleton (Components)

Skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and sacrum

Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of the upper and lower extremities and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

Long Bone

Greater length than width

Short Bone

Cube shaped

Flat Bone

Thin layers of parallel plates

Irregular Bone

Complex shapes

Sesamoid Bone

Shaped like a sesame seed

Fissure

Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves

Foramen

Hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves or ligaments

Fossa

Shallow depression

Sulcus

Furrow on a bone for passage of blood vessel, nerve or tendon

Meatus

Tubelike opening

Condyle

Rounded projection with a smooth articular surface

Facet

Smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface

Head (bone marking)

Usually rounded articular process supported on a neck

Crest

Prominent ridge or elongated process

Epicondyle

Usually roughened projection on a condyle

Line

Long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than a crest)

Spinous process

Sharp, slender projection

Trochanter

Very large projection found only on the femur

Tubercle

Variably sized rounded projection

Tuberosity

Variably sized projection with rough, bumpy surface

22 Bones

The skull contains this many bones, not including the 3 middle ear bones in both ears

Cranial Bones

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

Facial Bones

Zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, palatine, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae, mandible, vomer

Carotid canal location

Petrous portion of temporal bone

Hypoglossal canal location

Superior to base of occipital condyles

Infraorbital location

Inferior to orbit in maxilla

Jugular location

Posterior to carotid canal between petrous portion of temporal bone and occipital bone

Lacerum location

Bounded anteriorly by sphenoid bone, posteriorly by petrous portion of temporal bone, medially by sphenoid and occipital bones

Magnum location

Occipital bone

Mandibular location

Medial surface of ramus of mandible

Mastoid location

Posterior border of mastoid process of temporal bone

Mental location

Inferior to second premolar tooth in mandible

Cribriform location

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Optic canal location

Between superior and inferior portions of small wing of sphenoid bone

Ovale location

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Rotundum location

Junction of anterior and medial parts of sphenoid bone

Stylomastoid location

Between styloid and mastoid processes of temporal bone

Supraorbital location

Supraorbital margin of orbit in frontal bone

Suture

Immoveable joint found in the skull holding bones together

Sutural bones

Small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones

Paranasal sinuses

Mucous membrane-lined cavities in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones

Hyoid Bone

Supports the tongue and provides an attachment site for some muscles of the neck and pharynx

Vertebral Column

Also known as the spinal column, backbone or spine. Composed of 26 vertebrae divided into 5 regions

Intervertebral Discs

Located between the bodies of the vertebrae from the second cervical to the sacrum

Lumbar Vertebrae

The largest and strongest vertebrae

Sacrum

Part of the pelvic girdle and is composed of 5 vertebrae that fuse

Coccyx

Much smaller than sacrum but is also triangular in shape and is composed of 4 vertebrae that fuse

Thorax Components

Sternum, ribs, costal cartilages

Sternum Segments

Upper manubrium, middle body, lower xiphoid process

True Ribs (Vertebrosternal)

First 7 pairs of ribs, their cartilage is directly connected to sternum

False Ribs (Vertebrochondral)

Next 5 pairs of ribs, cartilage is indirectly connected to the sternum

Floating Ribs (Vertebral)

Last 2 pairs of ribs, these are not connected to the sternum

Scoliosis

Increased lateral curvature of the spine

Kyphosis

Increased thoracic curve of the spine

Lordosis

Increased lumbar curve of the spine