Fluid disturbances -edema

Edema can come from a general increase in _____________ or decrease in ______________

• hydrostatic pressure

• osmotic pressure

___________ is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium

edema

What are the types of edema

• localized

• generalized

what type of edema can be caused due to obstruction of venous outflow

localized

what type of edema can be caused by chronic venous congestion or chronic heart failure

generalized

in fetuses the generalized accumulation of fluid in the soft tissue is known as ____________

anasarca

if fluid begins to accumulate in a cavity the naming convention changes to include the prefix __________?

hydro

___________ edema is often associated with trauma or inflammation

local

a form a generalized edema ____________ indicates fluid increase in dependent tissue

ventral

upon gross inspection edema can look like what in tissue?

clear or slightly yellow fluid

what is indicative of the microscopic appearance of edema

• widening fascial planes

• clear space

• occasional pink fluid stained

• no inflammation

what are the 4 mechanisms that cause edema

• increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure

• decreased colloid osmotic pressure

• increased vascular permeability

• obstructed lymphatic drainage

what could be some causes for increased hydrostatic pressure

• heart failure

• fluid overload

• venous obstruction

what could be some causes for decreased colloid osmotic pressure

• protein loss

• decreased protein absorption

• reduced protein produciotn

what could be another name for decreased colloid osmotic pressure

hypoproteinemia

what could be the cause of increased vascular permeability

• leakage

• new vessels

• anaphylaxis/immune mediated

• direct endothelial injury

increased hydrostatic pressure can cause what types of edema

• generalized

• local

hypoalbuminemia or decreased osmotic pressure causes what types of edema

generalized

what could be the cause of decreased lymphatic drainage

• lymphatic obstruction

• inflammation

• neoplasia