BIOLOGY (puberty + menstrual cycle)

What does the scrotum do?

The scrotum protects the testes and regulates sperm temperatures

What do the testes do?

The testes produce male sex hormones (such as testosterone) and sperm cells.

What does the sperm duct do?

The sperm duct transports sperm from the testes to the urethra

What does the prostate gland do?

The prostate gland creates substances which mix with sperm to create semen.

What does the penis do?

The penis contains erectile tissue which allows for the penis to enter the vagina during sex and transport semen.

What is the cervix?

The cervix is the opening at the bottom the uterus leading to the vagina.

What is the vagina?

The vagina is the external opening to the female reproductive systems which the penis enters during sex.

Which structures form to attach the embryo to the mother after fertilisation?

The placenta, umbilical chord, and amniotic sac.

What is the purpose of the placenta?

To provide oxygen and nutrients to the foetus.

When can an embryo be called a foetus?

After 6 weeks.

When is the baby fully formed?

38-40 weeks

What is the purpose of oestrogen?

To cause the uterus lining to thicken.

What is the purpose of progesterone?

To maintain the thickness of the uterus lining.

What is the purpose of FSH?

Follical Stimualtion Hormone is a hormone which triggers the preparation of an egg one of the ovaries.

What does LH do?

Lutenising hormone triggers the release of the egg from the ovaries into the oviduct in the hopes that it can be fertilised.

What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle?

Menstruation, Thickening of the uterus lining, Ovulation, Maintaining of the uterus lining,

What is the first stage of the menstrual cycle? How long does it last?

Menstruation- the shedding of the uterus lining. 4 days.

How long does the menstrual cycle typically last?

28 days.

What are the four main hormones associated with the menstrual cycle?

FSH, LH, Progesterone, Oestrogen.

Why might a menstrual cycle not take place?

Woman in pregnant or perhaps does not have ovaries.

Which hormones are produced in the ovaries?

Oestrogen and Progesterone.

What is the name of the gland which releases FSH and LH?

The master gland (or pituitary gland).

When is LH most prevalent during the menstrual cycle?

Ovulation/stage 3.

How long does stage 2 (thickening of uterine lining) last?

10 days.

How long does stage 3 (ovulation) last?

1 day.

How long does stage 4 (maintainment of uterus lining) of the menstrual cycle last?

14 days.

What is puberty?

Puberty is the period of time in which adolescents develop secondary sexual characteristics.

Which male sex hormone triggers puberty in boys?

Testosterone.

Which female sex hormone triggers puberty in girls?

Oestrogen.

At which age does puberty usually begin?

8-14.

What triggers puberty?

Hormonal changes in the body.