Inorganic Chemistry

inorganic chemistry

substances that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

organic chemistry

study of carbon-containing substances

hydrophilic

substances attracted to water

hydrophobic

substances not attracted to water

cohesion

the attraction of one water molecule to another; creates surface tension

adhesion

the attraction of water molecules to other molecules; causes the upward movement of water in the xylem of plants

properties of water

stabilizing body temp, protection, participates in chemical reactions

mixing medium

allows transport throughout the body

mixture

substances physically but not chemically combined

solution

mixture of liquids, gasses, or solids that uniformly distributed

solvent

dissolves solute in a solution

solute

dissolves in solvent in a solution

suspension

materials separate unless stirred

colloid

dispersal of tiny particles through a medium that do not settle out

concentration

measure of number of particles of solute per volume of solution

osmolality

reflects the number of particles dissolved in one kilogram of water

acid

a proton donor or any substance that releases hydrogen ions

bases

a proton acceptor or any substance that binds to or accepts hydrogen ions

the pH scale

refers to the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

neutral

pH of 7 or equal amount of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

acidic

pH of less than 7 with a greater concentration of hydrogen ions

alkaline

basic, pH of more than 7 and a greater concentration of hydroxide ions

normal pH range

between 7.35 - 7.45

salt

a compound consisting of a cation other than a hydrogen ion and an anion other than a hydroxide ion

buffer

a solution of a conjugate acid-base pair in which acid and base componenets occur in similar concentrations; this combination resists changes in pH when either acids or bases are added to the solution

conjugate base

what remains of an acid once it loses its hydrogen ion

conjugate acid

what formed when a proton is transferred to the base

biological buffers

bicarbonate, phosphate, proteins

oxygen

required in the final step in the series of reactions used to extract energy from food

carbon dioxide

produced during the catabolism of organic compounds