A&P Exam 4- Chapter 13 Part B
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23 Terms
Can PNS nerve fibers regenerate?
Yes; if the cell body and neurolemma are intact, Schwann cells divide, release growth‑promoting molecules, and form a regeneration tube.
Can CNS nerve fibers regenerate?
No; oligodendrocytes release growth‑inhibiting proteins and astrocytes form scar tissue that blocks regrowth.
What is a spinal root?
Structure medial to the spinal nerve; each root is purely sensory (dorsal) or purely motor (ventral).
What is a spinal ramus?
Lateral branch of a spinal nerve; carries mixed sensory and motor fibers.
What happens with dorsal root injury?
Loss of sensory function only.
What happens with ventral root injury?
Loss of motor function only.
What happens with ramus injury?
Both sensory and motor deficits.
What is a nerve plexus?
A network of crisscrossing ventral rami.
What is the benefit of a nerve plexus?
Each muscle receives innervation from multiple spinal nerves, preventing complete loss of function if one nerve is damaged.
Which rami form nerve plexuses?
All ventral rami except T2–T12.
What is the phrenic nerve?
Major nerve of the cervical plexus; innervates the diaphragm.
How does the phrenic nerve relate to hiccups?
Irritation causes diaphragm spasms (hiccups).
What nerves arise from the brachial plexus?
Axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial.
Which nerve is the funny bone?
Ulnar nerve.
Which nerve is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve.
What is the femoral nerve?
Major nerve of the lumbar plexus; innervates quadriceps and skin of the anterior thigh and medial leg.
What is the sciatic nerve?
Major nerve of the sacral plexus; innervates hamstrings, adductor magnus, and most muscles of the leg and foot.
What structures are involved in a simple spinal reflex arc?
Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, eff
What are the general features of the major spinal cord tracts (pathways)?
Decussation, Relay, Somatotopy and Symmetry
Most pathways cross from one side of CNS to other at some point
Decussation
Consist of chain of two or three neurons
Relay
precise spatial relationship in CNS correspond to spatial relationship in body
Somatotopy
pathways are paired symmetrically (right and left)
Symmetry
