Module 5 - HIST 1300

Missouri Controversy (1819–1820)

The national crisis caused by Missouri’s request for statehood that threatened the balance between free and slave states

Tallmadge Amendment

A proposal to gradually emancipate enslaved people in Missouri and prohibit future slavery

Missouri Compromise

An agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state while banning slavery north of 36°30′

36°30′ Line

The line that prohibited slavery north of it in the Louisiana Territory except Missouri

Slavery expansion vs slavery

The expansion of slavery threatened political power and balance in Congress

Congressional power over slavery

The debate over whether Congress could regulate slavery in U.S. territories

Henry Clay

The Great Compromiser who helped preserve the Union through sectional agreements

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

A high tariff that benefited Northern industry and harmed Southern economies

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

A document by John C. Calhoun arguing states could nullify unconstitutional laws

Compact Theory

The belief that states formed the Constitution and could judge federal laws

Webster–Hayne Debates

A Senate debate over federal authority versus states’ rights

Force Bill

A law allowing the president to use military force to enforce federal laws

Compromise Tariff of 1833

A gradual reduction of tariffs that ended the Nullification Crisis

Early anti-slavery movement

Opposition to slavery by groups like Quakers based on equality and religion

Gradual emancipation

The belief that slavery should be ended slowly to avoid disruption

Radical abolitionism

The demand for immediate and uncompromising abolition of slavery

William Lloyd Garrison

A radical abolitionist who published The Liberator

The Liberator

An abolitionist newspaper calling for immediate emancipation

Frederick Douglass

A formerly enslaved abolitionist who exposed slavery through speeches and writings

American Anti-Slavery Society

An organization that promoted abolition through moral persuasion

Underground Railroad

A secret network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom

Texas Revolution

A rebellion against Mexican rule caused by cultural conflict and slavery disputes

Battle of the Alamo

A symbolic Texas defeat that inspired continued resistance

Battle of San Jacinto

The decisive victory that secured Texas independence

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward

Mexican-American War

A war caused by a border dispute after Texas annexation

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The treaty ending the war and granting land to the U.S.

Mexican Cession

Territory gained by the U.S. from Mexico

Wilmot Proviso

A proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico

Popular sovereignty

The idea that settlers could vote on whether to allow slavery

Compromise of 1850

A set of laws meant to ease sectional tensions

Fugitive Slave Act

A law requiring escaped enslaved people to be returned to their owners

Sectionalism

Strong regional loyalty dividing North and South

Failure of compromise

Moral conflict over slavery made lasting compromise impossible