APUSH test 2

united

colonies are not ____, they function as their own unit

West

populations are growing and areas of settlement are very crowded, so now they want the ___

crime, disease, pollution

overcrowding leads to:

good

Native Americans and French have a ____ (economic) relationship

fur trade

native Americans and French get along due to:

independent

colonies function as ____ units

trade, currency, resources

colonies have their own (and separate):

Dinwiddie

governor of Virginia

PA, VA, MA

fight for Ohio river valley

money

plantation agriculture means more _____, so there is a desire for farming land

lucrative fur trade

Great Britain wants Ohio River Valley because of the _____ that they want to take from the French

network of rivers

Ohio river valley also has a ______ good for trade and transportation

• strategic advantage

east of the Mississippi

if the Ohio river valley is secured, then Great Britain would be the only European power ____

fertile

the soil in the Ohio river Valley is ____

War hawks

Parliament doesn’t want to go to war for the Ohio River Valley, but the _____ (also members of Parliament) convince the majority to do so

immigration, natural increase

the two reasons that there is a sharp increase in population in the English colonies

fertile land and a dependable food supply

an abundances of ________ attracted thousands of European settlers each year and also supported the raising of large families

religious persecution, wars, economic opportunity

reasons for immigration to the colonies (England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Western and Central Europe)

Africans

did not come by choice, taken captive, forced into Europeans ships and sold as enslaved laborers to southern plantation owners and other colonists

political authorities

Newspapers printers in colonials days could be jailed for libel or if an article offended the:

John Peter Zenger

(NY editor and publisher) brought to trial on a charge of libelously criticizing New York’s royal governor

Andrew Hamilton

argues that Zenger printed the truth about the governor

aquit

jury voted to ____ Zenger (even though this was a criminal act at the time)

Zenger case

case that encouraged newspapers to take greater risks in criticizing a colony’s government

William Pitt

concentrated governments military strategy on conquering canada; changed the game for the British

French

provoked war by building Forts in the Ohio river Valley

Fort Duqensne

small militia with George Washington is sent by gov. from VA top stop French from completing work on ________ to win control of Ohio River Valley

Treaty of Paris

Europeans negotiate a peace treaty called:

Great Britain

gets French canada and Spanish Florida

French

gives western territory (Louisiana) to Spain

French

claims west of the Mississippi River in compensation for spains loss of Florida

British view

• thinks American militia is poorly trained and disorderly

• noted refusal for some colonies to help with the effort

• convinced colonists were unable to defend the new frontiers of Great Britain

Colonial view

• proud of their record in all four wars

• developed confidence that they could successfully provide for their own defense

• not impressed with British, their methods seemed badly suited to the densely wooded terrain of eastern America

land and resources

King William’s war, Queen Anne’s war, and King George’s War are all wars over:

Pontiacs rebellion

1st major test of the new British imperial policy

Chief Pontiac

leads a major attack against colonial settlements of the western frontier

native Americans

are angered by the growing westward movement of European settlers onto their land and by the refuse to offer gifts as the French had done

Pontiac’s alliance

destroyed forts and settlements from NY to VA in the Ohio River Valley

proclamation of 1763

in an effort to stabilize the western frontier, British prohibits colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains

• British think this will prevent future hostilities

proclamation of 1763

this law leads to anger and defiance from the colonists

defy

colonists ___ the prohibition and travel past the west line

Albany congress

a meeting between Native American representatives (Iroquois —> Mohawk) and colonial representatives

Albany plan of union

a proposal made by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany congress

Albany Congress

purpose to know that if it came down to war between the English and French, would the Native Americans fight along side the English

land

in the Albany congress, its successful because they native Americans believed that _____ would be opened up to them (ORV)

Albany plan of union

discussion on a union between the colonies (even those not present) for a common defense against the French

tax

Albany Plan of Union was not successful because it would place a ____ to cover costs of administration and colonies were not willing to pay a ____ to any regulation body outside their own legislature

uniting

Frankie argued that ___ was imperative (essential) to colonial survival

land

Great Britain promise Native American allies ___ in exchange for their help with their fight against the french

join or die

highlights the disunity of the colonies

Albany plan of union

includes all colonies, even those not present at the Albany congress

disjointed

snake acknowledges that we are ____but we can come together and fight

join or die

the following superstition created this: if you cut up a snake but put it ack together before sundown it will survive

• its not too late to unify against the French

bureaucracy

after the French/Indian war, England had to double the size of their:

• sending more officials

• need to pay more salaries

Great Britain

after the French Indian war, ____ is in debt and think the colonist should help repay the debt

vice admiralty courts and custom houses

after the French/Indian war, more _____ are established

navigation acts

after the war, _____ are enforced

• salutary neglect ends

Germans

settle in western PA, penn advertises for immigrants (Quakers)

Scottish Irish

settle in backwoods of NC, SC, VA, largely anti-British (important for revolutionary war)

the sugar act

another name for the revenue act:

indirect

the sugar act was an ____ tax

indirect tax

charged at the port, paid by the merchant and cost is passed along to consumer

the sugar act

crown places a tax on luxury goods

stricter

new acts cause a ___ enforcement of navigation acts

French and Indian War

new acts raise money for the crown to pay off their debt from the ____

the quartering act

colonists must provide food and shelter to the British soldiers

the stamp act

requires a revenue stamp on printed materials

• newspapers

• playing cards

• legal documents

• pamphlets

the stamp act

this act angers the wealthy

direct

the stamp act is a ____ tax

the stamp act

this act causes people to steal and burn, burn official houses

stamp act congress

argued that only their elected officials had the right to tax them

Patrick Henry

House of Burgess

• NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

James Otis

calls for the colonists to come together to protest the stamp act

sons of liberty

a group that protested the stamp act by tarring and feather, burning stamps, attacking revenue agents

sons of liberty

calls for a boycott of colonial goods

colonial boycott

led to a sharp drop on trade and profits

wealthy

____ applied pressure in parliament to repeal the Stamp Act

virtual representation

the idea that members of Parliament had a vested interest in the colonies and as representatives of the British empire would make decisions that were best for the British