Preparing Amines

two ways we can prepare aliphatic primary amines:

1. From halogenoalkanes, using a nucleophilic substitution reaction

2. From nitriles, using a reduction reaction

Category of reaction: :Preparing Amines From Halogenoalkanes

• Nucleophilic substitution

two ways we can prepare aliphatic primary amines:

1. From halogenoalkanes, using a nucleophilic substitution reaction

2. From nitriles, using a reduction reaction

Category of reaction: :Preparing Amines From Halogenoalkanes

• Nucleophilic substitution

Products: Preparing Amines From Halogenoalkanes

• an amine, 

• a quaternary ammonium salt. 

Conditions:Preparing Amines From Halogenoalkanes

• heat

• high pressure 

• excess ammonia dissolved in ethanol

wht to use prepare a primary amine from a nitrile,

use hydrogen and a metal catalyst, such as nickel.

why is Preparing Amines from Nitriles more efficient than the halogenoalkane method

the atom economy is 100⁢%, and because there is no risk of further reactions happening between the primary amine and a halogenoalkane.

also reduce nitriles to amines using 

 LiAlH4 in dry ether. 

CH₃CN+4⁢[H]→CH₃CH₂NH₂

prepare aromatic amines

reducing aromatic nitro compounds. 

what is used and how to prepare aromatic amines

the reducing agent is a combination of concentrated hydrochloric acid and tin.

equation for this reaction for Preparing Aromatic Amines

C₆H₅NO₂+6⁢[H]→C₆H₅NH₂+2H₂O

Aromatic amines used for

to manufacture colourful dyes