Skeletal System Flashcards

Flashcards covering the skeletal system, bone structure, bone cells, internal features, bone growth and remodeling, calcium homeostasis, surface features of bones, and bone markings. These flashcards are designed to help review lecture notes and prepare for an exam.

Components of the Skeletal System

Develops from mesoderm

Components of the Skeletal System

Bones (Organ)

Components of the Skeletal System

Cartilage

Components of the Skeletal System

Ligaments

Components of the Skeletal System

Tendons

Function of the skeletal system

Supports the body, facilitates movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells (hematopoiesis), stores and releases minerals and fat

Blood cell production

Red marrow

Mineral and fat storage

Yellow marrow

Adaptability of the skeletal system

Change based on stresses on the body including gravity, muscle pulling, diseases, and nutrition

Bone Structure Development

Starts as connective tissue and matures to include blood vessels, muscles, and nervous tissue to make the final structure

Long Bone Features

Covered by periosteum

Shaft of a long bone

Diaphysis

End point of a long bone

Epiphysis

Growth plate in a long bone

Epiphyseal Plate

Cartilage at the end of long bones

Articular cartilage

Dense tissue filled with mineral deposits in a collagen matrix

Compact bone

Spongy bone with lots of open spaces, more flexible

Cancellous bone

Made of hematopoietic cells and is food supply for bone cells

Red marrow

Made of mesenchymal cells that form blood cell components

Yellow marrow

Embryonic skeleton

Hyaline cartilage

Bone formation

Ossification

Bone forming cells

Osteoblasts

Region that remains hyaline cartilage

Articular cartilage

Region that remains hyaline cartilage

Epiphyseal plates

Low blood calcium

Hypocalcemia

High blood calcium

Hypercalcemia

Bone to bone

Ligaments

Muscle to bone

Tendons

Process

Any projection or bump

Ramus

An extension of a bone making an angle with the rest of the structure

Trochanter

A large, rough projection

Tuberosity

A smaller, rough projection

Tubercle

A small, rounded projection

Crest

A prominent ridge

Line

A low ridge

Spine

A pointed or narrow process

Head

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a neck

Neck

A narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

Condyle

A smooth, rounded articular process

Trochlea

A smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

Facet

A small, flat articular surface

Fossa

A shallow depression

Sulcus

A narrow groove

Foramen

A rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves

Canal

A duct or channel

Meatus

A passageway through a bone

Fissure

an elongated cleft or slit

Sinus

A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air