D278 - Exam Prep

What does a programmer do first to use an existing programming library?

Include the library

What relationship is common among a programming library's functions?

Functions all relate to the same purpose.

What is an advantage of using a programming library?

The code has already been tested.

Which language is dynamically typed?

Python

Which language is not built on object-oriented design principles?

C

A language substantially supports a programmer creating items like person, teacher, and students. Each item has internal data and some operations.

Which characteristic describes that language?

Object-oriented

A programmer wants a compiler to report an error if an integer variable is assigned with a string.

Which type of language should the programmer use?

Statically Typed

A language uses tags around text to indicate how that text should be formatted.

Which characteristic describes a language having such tags?

Markup

What is a characteristic of compiled language?

Converts to machine language before running

What is a characteristic of interpreted programs?

They can be modified at run time

Which characteristic specifically describes a markup language?

Tags surround text to describe desired formatting

Which characteristic specifically describes interpreted language?

They can run on any machine having the right interpreter

Which data type is used for items that are measured in length?

Float

What is the purpose of parentheses () in a programming expression?

To group expressions

Which data type should be used to keep track of how many planes are in a hanger?

Integer

What is a valid user-defined function name?

Variable identifier

What is the return value of a function?

Output of a function

When should a programmer develop an algorithm to solve a problem?

Before writing a program to solve the problem.

Which phase of a waterfall approach would create a sequence diagram that specifies the required order of events between completed program components?

Testing

Which phase of an agile approach would define a hypothesis to find a problem in a program?

Testing

Which phase of an agile approach would create an executable program?

Implementation

Which phase of an agile approach would create a list of components needed to build an online auction site?

Design

Which phase of a waterfall approach defines a program's goals?

Analysis

Hierarchical Debugging

Dividing the statements into regions and inserts one debug output statements after each region

What is a coding library?

a set of pre-written functions that carry out common tasks, that programmers can use to improve productivity.

Define Library Functions

Functions that relate to the same purpose (i.e., teacher, student, grades)

What is a characteristic of a Markup Language?

Allows a developer to describe a document's content, formatting

What is the main characteristic of Object-Oriented Language

It supports decomposing programs into objects (C++, Java, Python, C#)

What is the main characteristic of Interpreted/Scripting Language

It runs sequential statements by another program called an interpreter (Python, Javascript)

What is the main characteristics of a Compiled Language?

A program which is converted by a compiler into machine code which runs on particular machines (C++, Java)

What is SDLC?

The System Development Life Cycle is the development phases of programs

What is the Waterfall Approach?

A program built by carrying out each SDLC phase in sequence

What are the four phases of SDLC?

Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Testing

What is the Agile (Spiral) Approach?

A program built by doing small amounts of each SDLC phases in sequence, then repeating the process

What does UML mean and what is its definiton?

Univeral Modeling Language is a model for software design that uses different types of diagrams to visualize the structure and behavior of programs

What are the three diagrams that UML consists of?

A structure diagram, a behavioral diagram, a sequence diagram

What is a structural diagram?

it visualizes static elements of software, such as the types of variables and functions used in a program

What is a behavioral diagram?

It visualizes dynamic behavior of a software, such as the flow of an algorithm

What are the two behavioral diagrams of UML?

A case diagram and a sequence diagram

What is the structural diagram of UML?

A class diagram

What is a behavioral Case diagram?

It is used to visually model how a user interacts with a software program

What is a structural class diagram? And what does class mean?

It is used to visually model the classes of a computer program. A class is a code blueprint (flowchart) for creating an object

What is a behavioral sequence diagram?

It shows interactions between software components and indicates the order of events.

What are the equivalent UML diagrams used in SDLC phases?

1. Analysis

2. Design

3. Implementation

4. Testing

A Case Diagram, a Class Diagram, Flowchart (Activity Diagram), and a Sequence Diagram (respectively)

SDLC - Define the Analysis Phase

Defines a program's goals

SDLC - Define the Design Phase

Defines specifics of how to build a program

SDLC - Define the Implementation Phase

Involves writing the program

SDLC - Define the Testing Phase

Checks that the program correctly meets goals

What is a popular Markup Language?

HTML: describes texts, links, images, and other features

What is a characteristic of Interpreted/Scripting Language

Dynamically typed - changing variables

What is an advantage of Interpreted/Scripting Language

Runs on most machines with an interpreter

What is a characteristics of a Compiled Language?

Statically-typed - constant variable declaration

What is an advantage of a Compiled Language?

Runs faster than interpreted language