Ethnic differences in achievement

How did Lawson and Garrod define ethnic groups

As ‘people who share common history, customs and indenting, as well as, language and religion, and who see themselves as a distinct unit’

Which ethnic minorities outperform other ethnic groups

Chinese, Bangladeshi and Indian

Which ethnic minority groups achieve below national average

Pakistani and Black Caribbean

What did Bereiter and Engelmann talk about

The language spoken by low income black American families is inadequate for educational success

What does Sewell argue Indian and Chinese families often instil in children

An ‘Asian work ethic’ where high value is placed on education

What does Lupton state

That adult authority in Chinese and Indian families is very similar to that within education

What did Lupton find

She found respectful behaviour towards adults was expected from Chinese and Indian children and prepared them for school

What does Moynihan argue

Because many black families are matrifocal, their children are deprived of adequate care due to the financial struggle in the absence of a male breadwinner

What does Sewell say regarding a lack of male role model in the home

Means less ‘tough love’ for many black Caribbean boys which may encourage them to turn to an anti educational macho gang culture resulting in educational failure

Evaluate ethnic cultural deprivation using keddie

Cultural deprivation is a victim blaming explanation. Ethnic minorities are culturally different not deprived

Why does keddie believe ethnic minorities underachieve in school

Because schools are ethnocentric

What are the three main material factors affecting achievement

Housing, diet and health and lack of resources

What did Howard find regarding diet in poorer homes

Poorer homes have lower intakes of fruit and veg

Evaluate diet and health as a material deprivation factor

Many schools over free school meals consisting of nutritious food

Define material deprivation

Lacking money and physical necessities needed to achieve

Evaluate material deprivation + give statistics

Not all students who are materially deprived underachieve

In 2011, 86% of Chinese girls receiving FSM achieved highly in comparison to 65% of white girls who didn’t receive FSM

What did Mason argue regarding racism

That discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic origin

Evaluate racism in the workplace

The equality act 2010 made companies legally required to protect the rights of staff by preventing discrimination

Provide the results to Wood et al’s study consisting of sending out 1000 job vacancies

1 in 9 white applicants got an interview

1 in 16 ethnic minority applicants got an interview

What did Gillborn and Youdell find regarding labelling and what was this a result of

That teachers expected black students to present more discipline problems and often misinterpret their behaviour this is a result of racialised expectations

What did Gillborn and Youdell find in the A-C economy and what is this called

Teachers focus on those students who they believe are most likely to achieve C and above, this is called the educational triage