TXST: HIM 2360- Medical Terminology Exam #5 (CH 11&12)

Three types of blood vessels

Arteries, Veins, & Capillaries

Largest artery in the body

aorta

Small artery

arteriole

one of 2 upper chambers of the heart

Atrium

Smallest blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through thin capillary walls

Capillary

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

diastole

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart; ECG or EKG

Electrocardiogram

Inner lining of the heart

endocardium

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

Murmur

Muscular middle layer of the heart

myocardium

double layered membrane surrounding the heart

pericardium

audible sound of the heart

Lubb-Dubb

Partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)

Septum (Septa)

Pacemaker of the heart

Sinoatrial Node (SA node)

instrument to measure blood pressure

sphygmomanometer

contraction phase of the heartbeat

systole

Thin walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. They contain valves to prevent backflow of blood

Vein

Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

Artery

One of 2 lower chambers of the heart

Ventricle

Small vein

Venule

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

ather/o

yellowish plaque/ fatty substance

atri/o

atrium, upper heart chamber

brachi/o

arm

cardi/o, coron/o

heart

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

cyan/o

blue

myx/o

mucus

ox/o

oxygen

pericardi/o

pericardium

phleb/o, ven/o, ven/i

vein

rrhythm/o

rhythm

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

valvul/o, valv/o

valve

ventricul/o

ventricle, lower heart chamber

abnormal heart rhythms

arrhythmias (dysrhythmias)

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of HIS) (>60 bpm)

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

flutter

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350+ bpm)

fibrillation

uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heart beats

palpitations

abnormalities in the heart at birth

congenital heart disease

"blue baby" -extreme degree of oxygen depletion at birth

cyanosis

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood; symptoms: shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, and fluid retention

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Disease of arteries surrounding the heart (usually caused by atherosclerosis)

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

blocking of the coronary artery by a clot

thrombotic occlusion

to hold back blood from a part of the body tissue

ischemia

abnormal condition of death

necrosis

heart attack

myocardial infarction

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

endocarditis

improper closure of the mitral valve

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

extra heart sound, heard between normal heart beats

murmur

inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

Pericarditis

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

rheumatic heart disease

local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

aneurysm

high blood pressure

hypertension (HTN)

most HTN, no identifiable cause- etiology is idiopathic

essential hypertension

the increase in blood pressure is caused by another associated lesion, such as glomerulonephritis, or disease of the adrenal glands

secondary hypertension

listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope

auscultation

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death

cardiac arrest

area of dead tissue

infarction

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample

lipid tests (lipid profile)

lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in blood sample

lipoprotein electrophoresis

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

angiography

sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

Doppler ultrasound studies

echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart (reflective sound)

echocardiography (ECHO)

images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field

cardiac MRI

recording the electricity flowing through the heart

electrocardiography (ECG)

exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion (stress)

stress test

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

endarterectomy

donor heart is transferred to a recipient

heart transplantation

blood pressure

BP

congestive heart failure

CHF

electrocardiography

ECG or EKG

echocardiography

ECHO

Exercise tolerance test

ETT

hypertension (high blood pressure)

HTN

myocardial infarction

MI

mitral valve prolapse

MVP

shortness of breath

SOB

air sac in the lung

alveolus (alveoli)

smallest branches of the bronchi. terminal ____ lead to alveolar ducts

bronchioles

branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube

bronchus (bronchi)

muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out

diaphragm

lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

epiglottis

breathing out

expiration/ exhalation

slit-like opening to the larynx

glottis

breathing in

inspiration/ inhalation

voice box; containing vocal cords

larynx

throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

pharynx

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

pleura

process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing

respiration

windpipe

trachea

adenoid/o

adenoids

alveol/o

alveolus, air sac

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchial tube, bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole, small bronchus