Systems

Hydraulic System

A system that uses incompressible fluid to transmit force.

Pneumatic System

A system that uses compressed air to transmit force.

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

The ratio of output force to input force in a system.

Pascal's Principle

A principle stating that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions.

Pressure Formula

Pressure = Force / Area.

Area Calculation Formula

Area = πr².

Speed Formula

Speed = Distance / Time.

Circumference Formula

Circumference (c) = 2πR.

Gantt Chart Purpose

To visually represent the schedule of a project and track progress.

Velocity Ratio

The ratio of the diameters of the driver and driven pulleys.

Output Force Calculation

Output force can be calculated using the formula: Output Force = Input Force * (Area of Second Piston / Area of First Piston).

Risk Assessment Steps

1. Identify hazards 2. Assess risks 3. Control measures 4. Review and monitor.

Electrical Safety Tagging

Tagging out electrical tools during maintenance prevents accidental energization.

MSDS Function

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides information on the properties of hazardous substances.

PPE Items for Soldering

Two necessary PPE items are safety goggles and gloves.

Hydraulic vs Pneumatic Systems

Hydraulic systems are generally more powerful and can lift heavier loads compared to pneumatic systems.

Workshop Tools

A range of tools used in workshops includes drills, saws, and wrenches.

Pump Operation

A pump operates by converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

Risk Assessment Purpose

To identify potential hazards and implement measures to minimize risks.

Workshop Safety Procedures

Procedures designed to ensure safety in a workshop environment.

Lockout Tags Purpose

Lockout tags are used to indicate that a machine is not to be operated until maintenance is completed.

Practice Questions

Questions designed to reinforce learning and understanding of the material.

Textbook Review

Reviewing information in textbooks and presentations to consolidate knowledge.

Lockout tag

A lockout tag is a label attached to equipment to indicate it must not be used, usually because it is under maintenance.

Circumference of a wheel

Circumference = π × diameter = 3.14 × 60 = 188.4 mm

Speed of a wheel

Speed = rpm × circumference = 50 × 0.2 m = 10 m/min

PPE

PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment. Examples: safety glasses, gloves.

Design brief

A design brief defines the problem, objectives, constraints, and expectations for a project.

New tool usage

Inspect the tool, read its manual, and receive training or instructions before use.

Work plans

Work plans help organise tasks, manage time and resources, and ensure project goals are met efficiently.

Load in mechanical advantage

Load refers to the weight or force that a machine must overcome or move.

Area of a piston

Area = π × (radius)² = 3.14 × 5² = 78.5 cm²

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides safety, handling, storage, and emergency information for hazardous substances.

Ventilation when soldering

To avoid inhaling toxic fumes released during soldering.

Velocity ratio and gear size

A larger driven gear increases the velocity ratio and reduces output speed; gear size directly affects speed and torque.

Types of hazards in workshops

Examples include: sharp tools, hot surfaces, electrical hazards, or moving machinery.