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Tawhid

Allah is One, eternal, all-powerful, and has no partners.

Malaikah

Belief in angels who serve Allah and record your deeds.

Holy Books

Belief that Allah sent books, especially the Qur'an, the final one.

Nubuwwah

Belief in prophets who guide humans, e.g. Muhammad, Musa, Isa.

Akhirah

Belief in the afterlife; Day of Judgement and resurrection.

Al-Qadr

Belief in divine destiny - Allah knows all that will happen.

Adalat

Allah is always just and fair.

Imamate

12 Imams chosen by Allah to lead the Ummah.

Al-Ma'ad

Resurrection and Judgement Day.

Jibril (Gabriel)

Delivered the Qur'an to Muhammad.

Mika'il (Michael)

Controls weather and rewards good.

Israfil

Will blow the trumpet on Judgement Day.

Kiraman Katibin

Record every good/bad action.

Munkar and Nakir

Question souls in the grave.

Tawrat

Torah revealed to Musa.

Zabur

Psalms revealed to Dawud.

Injil

Gospel revealed to Isa.

Suhuf

Scrolls revealed to Ibrahim.

Qur'an

Final, perfect, unchanged word of Allah.

Risalah (Prophethood)

Prophets are messengers of Allah who guide people back to the right path.

Barzakh

Waiting period for the soul after death.

Jannah

Paradise, the reward for good deeds.

Jahannam

Hell, the punishment for bad deeds.

Salah

Prayer performed five times daily at set times.

Sawm

Fasting during daylight hours of Ramadan, the 9th month.

Zakah

2.5% of wealth given yearly to the poor and needy.

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Makkah that must be performed once in a lifetime if healthy and can afford it.

Khums

20% of extra income given to religious leaders and the poor (Shi'a only).

Jihad

Striving in the way of Allah, which can be greater (personal struggle) or lesser (physical defense).

Amr bil Maroof

Encouraging good behavior.

Nahi Anil Munkar

Forbidding evil actions.

Tawalla

Love of good.

Tabarra

Hate of evil.

Shahadah

Declaration of Faith stating, 'There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his Messenger.'

Wudu

Washing performed before praying to ensure cleanliness of body and soul.

Jummah

Special Friday prayer that includes a sermon at the mosque.

Eid-ul-Fitr

Celebration marking the end of Ramadan with family, new clothes, and giving Zakah.

Eid-ul-Adha

Sacrifice day honoring Ibrahim's obedience.

Ashura

Day of mourning for the death of Imam Hussain, observed by Shi'a Muslims.

Ihram

White clothing worn during Hajj symbolizing purity.

Tawaf

The ritual of circling the Ka'aba seven times during Hajj.

Mount Arafat

Location where pilgrims stand in prayer during Hajj.

Mina

Place where stones are thrown at three pillars to reject Shaytan during Hajj.

Problem of Evil and Suffering

Key issue questioning why evil exists if Allah is all-loving and all-powerful.

Omnipotent

Attribute of Allah meaning all-powerful.

Omnibenevolent

Attribute of Allah meaning all-loving.

Just (Adalat)

Attribute of Allah meaning always fair.

Transcendent

Attribute of Allah meaning beyond human understanding.

Immanent

Attribute of Allah meaning involved in the world.

Merciful (Ar-Rahman)

Attribute of Allah meaning always forgiving.

Test of Faith

Suffering is a test to see who stays faithful.

Free Will

Humans cause suffering by misusing free will.

Reward in Akhirah

Suffering leads to paradise if you stay patient.

Part of Allah's Plan

Humans may not understand Allah's wisdom.

Direct Revelation

e.g., Muhammad receiving the Qur'an via Angel Jibril.

Indirect Revelation

e.g., Allah's messages through creation or other holy books.

Final Revelation

Qur'an is the final, perfect revelation - can't be changed.

The Design Argument (Teleological Argument)

The world is too perfectly designed to be an accident.

Balanced System

Everything works together in a balanced system.

Example of Design

Night/day cycle, human body, stars.

The First Cause Argument (Cosmological Argument)

Everything must have a starting point (cause).

Uncaused Cause

Allah is the uncaused cause.

Religious Experiences

Visions, miracles, answered prayers are seen as proof of Allah.

Example of Religious Experience

Muhammad's Night Journey (Isra and Mi'raj) - proof of divine experience.

Arguments Against God's Existence

Some atheists say science can explain the universe.

Purpose of Suffering

Muslims respond by saying suffering has a purpose, and science shows how, but Allah explains why.

The Afterlife (Akhirah)

Life after death is central to Islam.

Judgment in Afterlife

Actions are judged, leading to: Jannah (Heaven) and Jahannam (Hell).

Justice (Adalat)

Allah is always just and fair.

Human Rights in Islam

Islam teaches that all people are equal before Allah.

Gender Equality

Men and women are spiritually equal in Islam.

Qur'an on Good Deeds

"Whoever does good, male or female, will enter Paradise."

Roles in Islam

Different roles: e.g., prayer positions, leadership.

Debate on Women's Rights

Some debate over hijab, inheritance, and leadership rights.

Women's Roles

Muslims believe women can work, lead, and study.

The Ummah

Muslims are part of one global family.

Support in the Ummah

Must support each other through charity, prayer, and community work.

Freedom of Religion

Qur'an: "There is no compulsion in religion."

Respect for Other Religions

Muslims should respect other religions and invite people to Islam peacefully.

Wealth in Islam

Wealth is a blessing from Allah but must be shared.

Zakah and Khums

Zakah and Khums help the poor.

Islamic Command on Greed

Islam forbids greed and commands helping the needy.

Qur'an on Righteous Giving

"Righteous are those who give wealth to relatives, orphans, the needy…"

Roles in the Mosque

Imam leads prayers and supports the community.

Mosque Accessibility

Mosques are open to all genders but may have separate spaces.

Activities in Mosques

Mosques often run schools, charities, and social events.

Tolerance in Islam

Islam teaches tolerance and respect.

Final Truth

Muslims believe Islam is the final truth, but Jews and Christians (People of the Book) should be respected.

Interfaith Work

Interfaith work is encouraged to build peace.

Angels in Islam

"Each person has angels before him and behind, watching over him by Allah's command."

Prophethood

"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets."