Topic 3 - AP CSP 3.1.1-3.1.3

spreadsheets

A program that helps efficiently organize and find trends in information

information

The collection of facts and patterns extracted from data

correlation

An association between two or more things

What aspects make a good data visualization?

clarity, accuracy, consistancy

Clarity

needs to be easy to understand and should be clear

Accuracy

needs to represent the data and not be misleading

Consistency

use constant colors, patterns and trends to make the data easy to read and understand

what is data visualization

The technique to present the data in a pictorial or graphical format

Why have data in graphical format?

Allows them to identify data visually and to see new patterns/trends easily.

What are the 5 benefits of data visualization presented in the video

Simplifies the complex data, explores new patterns and reveals hidden ones, identifies the relationship between data points and variables, identifies the areas for improvement, analyzes and explores Big Data easily. 

what is linear search

A search in which algorithms check each element of a list in order until the desired value is found or all elements in the list have been checked.

continuous

Varying smoothly from one value to another. Opposite of discrete

what is binary search

A method that works on sorted data. It compares the middle element of the data set to its search value to determine the next search set, cutting the search set in half at each iteration

analog

A continuous method of representing information

discrete

jumping from one value to another without taking on all intermediate values. Opposite of continuous

What are two disadvantages of linear search?

Expensive - have to go through every element until you find what you're looking for

Time consuming - takes a long time to go through every element one by one especially if there are a lot of elements

What is a requirement of binary search

Elements must be sorted

What is an advantage of binary search?

It takes less time than linear search

What is a common source of blue light?

computer monitors and other screens.

 What is the problem with blue light?

type of light that they emit which can prevent you from falling asleep at night. 

where linear search is preferable

small, unsorted lists - lists of customer orders in a small coffee shop

when binary search is preferable

 big, sorted lists - phonebook 

In what ways does the discrete nature of computers impact the information that can be stored?

Limits the accuracy, storage and portrayal of information - impacts computers accuracy

List three solutions available for a person with limited or a complete loss of sight to perceive written words

Braille, translation of text to a narration, information encoded into pictures

insertion sort

when one element is picked at a time then sorted into the correct place in the array in the output

bubble sort

compares adjacent elements and sorts them to their relevance to one another

merge sort

when unsorted lists are divided until there is one element left. The divided unsorted lists are sorted and divided into one single element. When all sub lists are sorted, all of the single elements are merged together and sorted into a sorted sub list

algorithmic efficiency

An estimation of the amount of computational resources used by an algorithm

problem

A general description of a task that can (or cannot) be solved algorithmically

reasonable time

Algorithms with efficiencies that grow at a polynomial rate or slower (constant, linear, square, cube, etc.) are said to run in a reasonable amount of time

CSV file

a simple text file that stores tabular data, where each line represents a record and values within each record are separated by comma

big data

Data that are beyond the resources of one computer to store, especially intensive to analyze, or difficult to reconcile among complementary data sets

distributed

When storage or processing is handled by multiple independent machines in a coordinated fashion

artificial intelligence

Intelligent behavior demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans

bar chart

graphical display of data using bars of different sizes in relation to eachother

line graph

graphical display of data that changes continuously over time that is made up of points that connect

What are the three primary parts of BigQuery?

Storage, ingestion and querying 

what is SQL

structured query language and it is for easy querying and data analysis