Motor Learning: Performance & Learning

Vocabulary flashcards covering motor learning vs performance, indicators of learning, limitations of performance curves, and methods for assessing learning (retention and transfer tests).

The processes involved in acquiring a motor skill and the resulting relatively permanent change in the ability to perform that skill.

Motor learning

The observable execution of a motor skill; reflects temporary, non-permanent changes.

Performance

Factors that affect performance: the individual, the characteristics of the skill, and the environment.

Influences on motor skill performance

Personal attributes that affect performance, such as motivation, prior experience, and physical/mental state.

Individual (influences)

Inherent properties of the skill (e.g., complexity, organization) that influence performance.

Skill characteristics (influences)

External conditions (practice setting, equipment, distractions) that affect performance.

Environment (influences)

Signs that learning has occurred: performance improves, is consistently high, persists after no practice, uses less energy, requires less conscious attention, and adapts to similar situations.

Indicators of motor skill learning

A graph showing how performance improves over time with practice.

Performance curve

Performance is temporary and may not reflect permanent learning; learning effects may be masked.

Limitations of performance curves

When maximum possible performance limits observed improvements (e.g., fastest possible pitch or movement).

Ceiling effects

Averages can mask individual trends and variability in performance.

Averaging across participants/trials

A test of a practiced skill after a time interval following practice to assess persistence of learning.

Retention test

Initial assessment before practice starts.

Pre-test

The phase of training where the skill is repeated to induce learning.

Practice

Assessment after practice to measure skill performance.

Post-test

The time period between practice and retest.

Retention interval

The retest administered after the retention interval to evaluate retention of learning.

Re-test

A test where the learner performs the practiced skill in a different context or uses a different but related skill to assess transfer of learning.

Transfer test