Mutation and Natural Selection

How are chromosomes, DNA, genes, and proteins related

Chromosomes is where DNA is stored and genes is what is what DNA is made out of and proteins are made from diffrerent genes

Mutation

change in DNA

How does sickle cell relate to mutation and natural selection

Sickle cell is caused from one mutation

Related to natural selection becuase you wont get malaria

What is a germline mutation and why is it important

Change in DNA that could be passed to offspring

They are important because they are inherited genetic variation

Antibiotic resistance

Bacteria developed ability to withstand medicine which makes it hard to kill

Variation

Slight differences in traits and DNA amount individuals

What is Structural adaptation (examples)

physical characteristics

Color, shape, flap on a squirrel to escape from predators

What is functional adaptation (examples)

Internal system that affects an organism physiology or biochemistry

Alpine snowball can survive with a short growing season

What is behavioral adaptation (examples)

Involves the way an organism acts or behaves

Birds migrate so they can be warmer

Fitness

organisms being able to survive and reproduce

Population

amount of organisms for 1 species that live in 1 area

Competition

Fighting for recources that species need to survie

Natural selection

organisms that adapt will be able to survive better in their environment where they can live longer, compete better, and reproduce more

Competition

Organisms have to struggle to get food, land water etc. but some have more advantages

how do genes relate to natural selection

genes have traits that determines if an organism will survive and reproduce

How does Darwin relate to this unit

he was the person who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection

Evolution and how does it relate to natural selection

change over time

Natural selection is the reasons why organisms are changing over time

What is artificial selection

humans breed organisms with traits they want the plant or animal to have

What are artificial selection examples

Dogs: bread dogs so there are many different breeds

Crops (corn)” bread so that crops have a specific taste

What is CRISPR

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Gene editing technology that changes DNA at a specific spot

Pinky finger

(Small Population)

Small population have random alleles because of chance events which would change the gene pool

Ring Finger

(non-random mating)

Individuals pick mates that have traits they want thier offspring to have which causes different alleles in a population

Middle Finger

(mutation)

Genetic variation, when there are new alleles created because of changes in DNA, which makes natural selection happen

Index finger

(gene flow)

Movements of alleles between populations which gives new alleles or gives changes to existing alleles

Thumb

(Natural Selection)

Mechanism that leads to adaptions, organisms with better traits will most likely survive and reproduce, passing the good traits on to offspring

Evidence of evolution for fossils (examples)

Shows past life of an organism and the progression of life over time through fossils

(Horses bone structure has changed from, their ancestors)

Evidence of evolution doe transitional forms

shows intermediate evolution which shows how traits change over time

Evidence of evolutions for homologies (examples)

Organisms have shared traits with their ancestors which shows how they us how they are related

(Chimpanzees are human ancestors)

Evidence of evolution for experiments (example)

Organisms can be observed in person and ion the lab through their DNA showing us how they adapt to their environment

(Humans and chimpanzees are similar)

What happened to peppered moths when their environment changed

They went through natural selection because when the environment was dark the majority of moths were dark and the opposite

The ones that weren’t well adapted died out and the ones that were lived longer

Three types of mutations

Deletion

Substitution

Inversion

deletion

Nucleotide get deleted

substitution

replacing a different nucleotide

Inversion

two cells get flipped