RA 12- Transatlantic slave trade

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

African Diaspora

The separation of Africans from their homeland through centuries of forced removal to serve as slaves in the Americas and elsewhere.

Origins of word slave

Slav, who worked the sugar plantations in the Mediterranean

Cowrie shells

Used as currency in West Africa

Queen Nzinga

Female ruler of Matamba, resistant to Portuguese imperialism

Dahomey

West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers' exploitation of the slave trade. Queen Mother and female tributes to the courts

Suleiman Diallo

A Muslim man who was sold into slavery and escaped through demonstrating his intellect in Islam. Became successful in England and returned home, where he began to sell slaves again.

One theory about the "origin" of racism is from

Islam

In the rest of the world, slaves usually worked this kind of job

Domestic, and were women

What was the first modern industry

Sugar

Why were Slavs or Natives no longer viable options for slaves?

Slavs- Ottomans cut off supply

Natives- not disease resistant

Religious justification

Pope said non-Christians can be enslaved

Truck Drivers

Portuguese who transported African goods, including slaves, from place to place in Africa

Who had a monopoly on slavery in Africa at first?

Portugal

Who did Africans sell into slavery?

Marginal groups: POWs, criminals, debtors, people who had been "pawned"

Middle Passage mortality rate

14

Maroon societies

Communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin American. and the United States.

Palmares

The largest maroon society

Cassava

Introduced from the Americas

Signares

The small number of African women who were able to exercise power and accumulate wealth through marriage to European traders.

Benin

Avoided deep involvement with trade, restricting slave trade, until late 1700s when they became financially desperate