Bio 1407 comprehensive final

Plants share the closest evolutionary ancestor with

Coral Reef

Archaen

Cyanobacteria

Green Algae

Green Algae

Fungal mitosis is different from animal and plant mitosis because

The nuclear envelope does not break down

The spindle fibers are made of actin instead of tubulin

The sister chromatids are not held together

Anaphase does not occur

The DNA is not replicated prior to mitosis

The nuclear envelope does not break down

This tissue is found in tendons and ligaments.

Cartilage

Loose connective

Blood

Dense connective

Dense connective

The skin of an apple was originally the

Endosperm

Ovule

Petals

Anther

Pericarp

Pericarp

You are burned by a hot pan. What is the order that the action potential will travel through the nerves from stimulus to reflex?

Interneuron -> motor neuron -> sensory neuron

Sensory neuron -> interneuron ->motor neuron

Motor neuron -> interneuron -> sensory neuron

Interneuron -> sensory neuron -> motor neuron

Sensory neuron -> interneuron ->motor neuron

The layer that is responsible for protecting the embryo during dormancy is the

Procambium

Endosperm

Cotyledon

Seed coat

Seed coat

Which of the following steps are a part of Koch's postulates?

The suspected pathogen must be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture

All are part of Koch's postulates

The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease

The suspected pathogen must be isolated from the newly diseased host

The suspected pathogen must be able to causes the disease is a susceptible host

All are part of Koch's postulates

Which of the following is not a feature of modern birds?

Air sac system to increase breathing efficiency

An enlarged sternum

Lightweight skeleton and no teeth

All are features of modern birds

All are features of modern birds

A small yellow flower with abundant pollen and nectar that is fragrant and open during the day is most likely pollinated by

Bats

Birds

Moths

Flies

Bees

Bees

Which of the following is not a function of the root cap?

Secreting a lubricant to aid growth into the soil

Producing new root cells

Detecting gravity

Protecting the root meristem

Producing new root cells

Larger organisms consume more energy per unit of body mass.

True

False

False

If the label on a cabinet in the museum read "bilaterally symmetrical segmented deuterostome with an endoskeleton", which of the following would you expect to see inside?

A squid

A dog tapeworm

A horseshoe crab

A panda bear

A panda bear

Which of the following groups of plants has a heart-shaped gametophyte anchored to the soil by rhizoids?

Anthophyta

Coniferophyta

Pteridophyta

Bryophyta

Pteridophyta

Modern evidence for the first major explosion of land plants can be seen in the

Sphagnum peat bogs

Rich carboniferous coal deposits

Oxygen content of the atmosphere

Modern distribution of lycophyte forests

Rich carboniferous coal deposits

A main advantage of dispersal is that it:

reduces the probability that a fruit will be eaten by an animal

increases the probability that each seedling will be established in a suitable habitat

reduces competition for limiting resources

increases the probability that the seedling will produce nondehiscent fruit.

Note: Dehiscence is the splitting at maturity along a built-in line of weakness in a plant structure in order to release its content

reduces competition for limiting resources

Gibberillic acid stimulates cell elongation. A gene called SLEEPY1 positively regulates gibberillic acid signaling. In plants with non-functional SLEEPY1 genes the gibberillic acid is repressed. What happens to these plants?

The plants have no xylem tissue

The plants are much taller than normal

The plants grow normally

The plants are dwarves

The plants are dwarves

Two very closely related species would be placed in the same -

Order

All of the above

Class

Family

Genus

Genus

Picrophilus oshimae lives in sulfurous host springs where the water is 90 °C and the pH is 1. What type of organism is this?

Acidophile

Archaean

Extremophile

Thermophile

All of the above

All of the above

A thick peptidoglycan layer forms a gram-positive cell wall.

True

False

True

What is the function of Xylem tissue?

To transport meristems

To transport carbohydrates

To transport water

To transport chloroplasts

To transport water

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?

Ventral cavity

Diaphragm

Dorsal cavity

Pleural cavity

Diaphragm

Fungi reproduce by

None of the above

Nuclear exchange

Parthenogenesis

Wind pollination

Binary fission

Nuclear exchange

Which of the following is an attribute that fungi share with plants?

None of the above

Composition of the cell wall

Use of flowers to attract pollinators

Type of chlorophyll in cells

Method of obtaining energy​

Composition of the cell wall

Which of the following is NOT a phyla of fungus?

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Chytridiomycota

Zygomycota

All of the above are fungal phyla

All of the above are fungal phyla

The meristems responsible for lateral growth are called

Secondary meristems

Primary meristems

Trunk meristems

Protomeristem

Secondary meristems

Which of the following animal phyla has the greatest number of species?

Mollusca

Annelida

Chordata

Arthropoda

Arthropoda

Mature schlerenchyma cells are

Thick walled and dead with lignin in the cell walls

Living cells capable of carrying out photosynthesis

Thin walled with a suberin layer

Thin walled cells that transport carbohydrates

Thick walled and dead with lignin in the cell walls

Binary fission involves the replication of nuclear DNA, elongation of the cell, and dividing the cell in half.

True

False

True

Which of the following groups contains unsegmented pseudocoelomate round worms?

Oligocheata

Cestoda

Nematoda

Tubellaria

Nematoda

Which of the following is not a feature of arthropods?

Compound eyes

All of the above are features of arthropods

Joined appendages

Open circulatory system

Segments fused into tagmata

All of the above are features of arthropods

Which of the following, if any, is an example of a vascular plant?

Green algae

Moss

Fern

Liverwort

Fern

Which of the following eumetazoans are radially symmetrical and have only two germ layers?

Echinoderms

Platyhelminthes

Nematodes

Cnidarians

Cnidarians

Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophs. What does this mean?

Light provides energy and CO2 provides carbon

Light provides energy and organic molecules provide carbon

Inorganic compounds provide energy and CO2 provides carbon

Organic compounds provide both energy and carbon

Light provides energy and CO2 provides carbon

Microspore mother cells are found in the _________ and produce _________.

Stamen, eggs

Carpel, filaments

Ovule, megaspores

Anther

Anther, pollen

A plant with 5 petals on its flower and net veins in the leaves is most likely a

Monocot

Bryophyte

Gymnosperm

Eudicot

Eudicot

The WEREWOLF gene inhibits the formation of root hairs in Arabidopsis. What would be the results of a knock-out mutation of this gene?

No root hairs

Excessive amounts of root hairs

Stomata instead of root hairs

Non

Excessive amounts of root hairs

What is the function of the petals?

To protect the developing flower

Deliver the pollen to the gynoecium

To attract pollinators

To support the anthers

To attract pollinators

What do caffeine, cocaine, ephedrine, morphine, nicotine, and quinine all have in common?

All of the above

All are alkaloids produced by plants

All are secondary metabolites

All have been used by humans to some extent

All of the above

A closed circulatory system is found in

Polyplacophorans

Gastropods

Cephalopods

Bivalves

Cephalopods

Modern animal taxonomy is based on sequence differences in a region of the ribosomal RNA. One of the main differences is the formation of the new clade, Ecdysozoa. What do the animals in this clade share?

Diploblastic

Trochophore larvae

Molting of a non-living cuticle

Radial symmetry

Molting of a non-living cuticle

Negative feedback reinforces or enlarges the monitored homeostatic condition that initiated the cycle.

True

False

False

A mycologist studies the hyphae of a particular fungus and notices that they are dikaryotic. Which of the following is true?

The fungus is a basidiomycote

The fruiting body is about to be formed

The hyphae are diploid

The fungus is toxic

The fungus is a lichen

The fungus is a basidiomycote

Vines often have modified leaves that wind around objects and help hold the vines upright. These structures are called

Spines

Tendrils

Cladophylls

Trichomes

Tendrils

Which of the following is a deuterostome?

Chordates

Arthropods

Annelids

Porifera

Nematodes

Chordates

Does a cactus have leaves?

Yes, the spines are modified non-photosynthetic leaves

No, the spines are expanded trichomes

Yes, the spines are modified non-photosynthetic leaves

The sticky upper end of the carpel that receives the pollen is called the

Anther

Stigma

Ovary

Style

Stigma

What is the name of the gas-filled sac that is found in bony fish that is used to regulate buoyancy?

Swim bladder

Claspers

Operculum

Lateral

Swim bladder

Pollination occurs when the pollen grains adhere to the

Style

Anther

Ovary

Stigma

Stigma

The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is

Homeoregulation

Homeostasis

Equilibrium

Feedback

Homeostasis

The roots of a mangrove tree that extend upward are examples of a(n)

Prop roots

Parasitic roots

Adventitious roots

Pneumatophores

Pneumatophores

You observe a large grasshopper on a fence pumping its abdomen back and forth like an accordion. What is it doing?

Excreting nitrogenous wastes

Digesting

Respiring

Reproducing

Respiring

In fish the blood is pumped from the heart to the gills and then to the body. This is called single loop circulation.

True

False

True

In true coelomates the body cavity is lined with mesoderm on both sides. Where is the body cavity in pseudocoelomates?

Between the ectoderm and the mesoderm

There is no body cavity

In the lumen of the intestines

Between the mesoderm and the endoderm

Between the mesoderm and the endoderm

A typical thin-walled living plant cell found in a stem or root involved in storage of photosynthesis reactants and products is called a

Parenchyma cell

Schlerenchyma cell

Phloenchyma cell

Chlorenchyma cell

Parenchyma cell

Splitting open a seed from Phaseolus vulgaris reveals 2 cotyledons. This means that beans are

Haploid

Diploid

Dicots

Monocot

Dicots

All plants have

Motile gametes

Seeds that contain nutrition for the embryo

Xylem and phloem tissue

None of the above are found in all plants

None of the above are found in all plants

True/False

Humans are ectothermic.

True

False

False

Naturally competent bacteria are able to pick up fragments of DNA from the environment. This process is called

Conjugation

Saltation

Transduction

Transformation

Transformation

Children often play helicopter by picking up seeds of maple trees (Acer species) and throwing them into the air. What type of seeds are these?

Aggregates

Nuts

Berries

Samaras

Drupes

Samaras

When you arrive for your biology exam, the room is so cold you start to shiver. This response is a ___________ and the body system responsible for generating heat is the ________________.

positive feedback cycle; muscular system

positive feedback cycle; nervous system

negative feedback cycle; endocrine system

negative feedback cycle; muscular system

negative feedback cycle; muscular system

What is a common feature shared by both the roundworms and the arthropods?

endoskeleton

cutaneous respiration

gills

jointed appendages

exoskeleton

exoskeleton

Ovulation usually occurs on day ________ of a woman's cycle.

14

21

28

0

7

14

True/False

Scientific testing has not been performed on many herbal supplements.

True

What are the key features of chordates?

notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail

ventral nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail

notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, nerve ring, and a tail

notochord, ventral nerve cord, water vascular system, and a tail

notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, water vascular system, and a tail

Notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail.

As a result of drinking contaminated water, a patient contracts amoebic dysentery. Would an antibiotic drug that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis be beneficial in treating the amoeba infection?

No, because amoeba are not bacteria and do not have peptidoglycan.

Yes, because it would weaken the cell walls of the amoebas and cause them to die.

No, because the cell walls of the amoeba that causes dysentery contain calcium carbonate, not peptidoglycan.

Yes, because the amoeba would not be able to reproduce.

Yes, because antibiotics are always beneficial in treating infectious diseases.

No, because amoeba are not bacteria and do not have peptidoglycan.

Which of the following correctly describes a major difference between monocot and eudicot plants?

Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot stem.

Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot root, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot root.

Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while xylem and phloem occur in scattered bundles in a eudicot stem.

Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a monocot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a eudicot stem.

Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot root, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot root.

Xylem and phloem occur in a ring in a eudicot stem, while phloem occur between arms of xylem in a monocot stem.

The mechanism by which oxygen moves into capillaries from alveoli is

active transport.

facilitated transport.

secondary active transport.

diffusion.

osmosis

diffusion

Peaches may be ripened at home by enclosing them in a paper bag. This is due to the production of which hormone?

ethylene

auxin

abscisic acid

cytokinin

gibberellins

ethylene

Which of these is a protostome?

a chimpanzee

lancelet

a sea star

a planarian

a sea anemone

a planarian

If the lymphatic system did not function correctly,

nutrients would not reach the liver.

fluids would collect within body tissue.

oxygen would not reach all the cells of the body.

urea would build up in the liver.

carbon dioxide would not reach the lungs.

fluids would collect within body tissue.

The repetition of body parts along the length of an animal's body is termed

coelomization.

cephalization.

septation.

compartmentalization.

segmentation.

segmentation.

In your garden, you observe a single pea plant that is much smaller and not growing well, despite being surrounded by other normal plants. You dig it up to discover that it has a weak, shallow root system. You suspect that the plant may be lacking

carbon.

oxygen.

mycorrhizal fungi.

hydrogen.

a micronutrient.

mycorrhizal fungi.

Penicillin is an antibiotic drug that interferes with cell wall synthesis in bacteria, eventually resulting in cell death. What effect would you predict if you applied penicillin to archaea?

The archaea would die due to the weakening of their cell walls.

The archaea would die due to their inability to synthesize protein for their cell walls.

None of the choices are correct.

The archaea would not be affected, since none of the archaea have cell walls.

The archaea would not be affected, since they do not contain peptidoglycan.

The archaea would not be affected, since they do not contain peptidoglycan.

Cyanobacteria are important producers, more specifically called

saprotrophs.

photoautotrophs.

saproautotrophs.

photoheterotrophs.

chemoautotrophs.

photoautotrophs.

Jacob is studying a population of wrens in Michigan. Over several years, he notices that the population always stabilizes at around 45 individuals. Forty-five individuals is

the density.

the carrying capacity.

a density-dependent factor.

a density-independent factor.

the growth rate.

the carrying capacity.

Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

retroviruses.

archaea.

viruses.

viroids.

Prions

viroids.

Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which

the body is able to produce so no food source is needed.

are needed in very low quantities.

cannot be found within food sources.

make up a large proportion of the body.

the body is not able to produce.

the body is not able to produce.

Amphibians are the descendants of

hagfishes.

ray-finned fishes.

lobe-finned fishes.

cartilaginous fishes.

reptiles.

lobe-finned fishes.

Which of the following is not an effect of gibberellins?

excessive stem elongation

breaking of dormancy

stem elongation between nodes

ripening of fruit

cell elongation

ripening of fruit

Antibodies are ________ proteins, while antigens that elicit an immune reaction are ________ proteins.

viral; self-produced

self-produced; foreign

cancer; bacterial

bacterial; self-produced

self-produced; also self-produced

self-produced; foreign

Birds are not

deuterostomes.

chordates.

amniotes.

reptiles.

ectothermic.

ectothermic.

Which structures were required for the evolution of the ferns and gymnosperms?

seeds and flowers

megaphylls and seeds

microphylls and megaphylls

flowers and vascular tissue

megaphylls and vascular tissue

megaphylls and vascular tissue

What is meant by an organism's biotic potential?

The age at which an organism reaches sexual maturity.

The rate at which the population grows.

The number of individuals in the prereproductive stage.

The number of offspring that an organism produces over its entire life span.

The maximum rate of population growth with unlimited resources.

The maximum rate of population growth with unlimited resources.

Bony fishes can detect other fishes as a result of their

compound eyes.

rotational equilibrium.

statocysts.

gravitational equilibrium.

lateral line system.

lateral line system.

Protists can be

unicellular only.

unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.

colonial or multicellular, but not unicellular.

unicellular or colonial, but not multicellular.

colonial only

unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.

Foods derived from animals typically contain ________, while foods derived from plants typically contain ________.

saturated fats; unsaturated fats

unsaturated fats; trans fats

unsaturated fats; saturated fats

trans fats; saturated fats

saturated fats; trans fats

saturated fats; unsaturated fats

Animals with both male and female reproductive systems are

asexual.

parthenogenetic.

hermaphroditic.

menopausal.

chimeric.

hermaphroditic.

African sleeping sickness is caused by a

virus.

prion.

bacterium.

trypanosome.

sporozoan

trypanosome.

Conifers such as pine trees are classified as

angiosperms.

bryophytes.

gymnosperms.

charophytes.

lycophytes.

gymnosperms.

What feature enables the paramecium to move?

cilia

pseudopodia

flagella

contractile vacuole

nucleus

cilia

The fermentation capabilities of ________ are used to produce bread and alcoholic beverages.

molds

yeasts

lichens

mycorrhizal fungi

chytrids

yeasts

Which of the following have microscopically small gametophytes?

ferns

gymnosperms

mosses

angiosperms

both angiosperms and gymnosperms

both angiosperms and gymnosperms

Which field of biology studies all aspects of biodiversity?

geology

conservation biology

entomology

environmental science

histology

conservation biology

Which is the correct order of events in the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

attachment - penetration - biosynthesis - maturation - release

integration - penetration - biosynthesis - maturation - release

attachment - biosynthesis - maturation - release

attachment - integration - biosynthesis - maturation - release

penetration - attachment - biosynthesis - release - maturation

attachment - penetration - biosynthesis - maturation - release

Which structure is a characteristic found only in angiosperms?

flower

megaphyll

vascular tissue

leaf

seed

flower

Meghan is studying interactions between caribou and their wolf predators. This is an example of ________ ecology.

demographic

population

ecosystem

biosphere

community

community

An unfertilized egg from a female Komodo dragon may develop directly into a young Komodo dragon. This is an example of

parthenogenesis.

abiogenesis.

copulation.

assisted reproduction.

parturition.

parthenogenesis.

Monocot seeds differ from eudicot seeds because in monocot seeds

the cotyledons absorb the stored food of the endosperm.

there are two cotyledons instead of one.

the endosperm is retained.

there is no seed coat.

the endosperm develops into the embryo.

the endosperm is retained.

Which of the following are invertebrate chordates?

lancelets only

tunicates only

tunicates, lancelets, and jawless fishes

tunicates and lancelets but not jawless fishes

jawless fishes only

tunicates and lancelets but not jawless fishes

Retroviruses

produce protein directly from DNA.

only invade plants.

contain DNA.

produce RNA from DNA.

contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase.