States of Matter, Gas Laws, and Solutions Flashcards

Flashcards covering states of matter, phase changes, gas laws, solutions, and related concepts.

What state of matter has the strongest attraction between particles?

Solid

Which states of matter take the shape of their container?

Liquid and Gas

Which states of matter have free moving particles?

Liquid and Gas

Name three phase changes that require energy to occur.

Freezing, melting, and vaporizing

What phase change occurs when a solid turns to gas?

Vaporization

Define triple point.

The unique set of conditions where all three phases exist in equilibrium.

Define critical point.

The highest temperature/pressure where a liquid and gas are still distinct.

Define normal boiling point.

The temperature at which a liquid begins to vaporize.

What is absolute zero?

The point at which all matter stops moving

What is absolute zero in Kelvin?

0 K

What is absolute zero in Celsius?

-273°C

What are the conditions for STP?

1 atm and 0°C

Define the concept of the mole.

Unit of measurement for amount of a substance

What is the value of 1 mole in particles?

6.022 x 10^23 atoms/particle/molecules/formula units

What is the percent equation?

part / whole x 100

What is an empirical formula?

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

What is a molecular formula?

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

What is the definition of an endothermic process?

A process that absorbs energy.

What is the definition of an exothermic process?

A process that releases energy.

Name three phase changes that are classified as endothermic

Melting, evaporating, and vaporizing

Name three phase changes that are classified as exothermic

Depositing, freezing, and condensing

Convert 1 cal to Joules.

4.184 J

Define specific heat.

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius.

Define solute (in making Kool-Aid).

Powder.

Define solvent (in making Kool-Aid).

Water.

Define a solution (in making Kool-Aid).

Kool-Aid.

Define unsaturated.

A solution that can hold more solute.

Define immiscible.

When a substance (like oil and water) cannot dissolve.

Define a saturated solution.

The maximum amount of solute dissolved at a specific temperature.

Define a supersaturated solution.

More than the maximum amount of solute dissolved, only reached in specific conditions.

What is a colligative property?

A physical property that changes with the number of solute particles, not the type.

How does adding more solute to a pure solvent affect vapor pressure?

Vapor pressure decreases.

How does adding more solute to a pure solvent affect freezing point?

Freezing point decreases.

How does adding more solute to a pure solvent affect the boiling point?

Boiling point increases.