apwh vocab u2p1

magnetic compass

A tool that shows direction by using Earth’s magnetic field, helping sailors navigate.

rudder

A flat piece at the back of a ship that is used to steer it.

dhow

A sailing ship with triangular sails used for trade on the Indian Ocean.

junk

A large Chinese sailing ship with square sails, used for trade and long sea voyages.

caravanserai

A roadside inn where travelers and merchants could rest and trade along trade routes.

flying money

Paper money or credit used in China to make trade easier and safer.

hanseatic

A trade network of towns in Northern Europe that worked together for protection and commerce.

commodity

A raw material or product that can be bought, sold, or traded.

astrolabe

A tool used by sailors to measure the stars and figure out their location at sea.

hanseatic league

A group of Northern European cities that joined together to control trade and protect merchants.

commerce

The activity of buying and selling goods, especially between different places.

protoindustrialization

When people made goods at home on a small scale before factories were created.

jin empire

A dynasty in northern China ruled by the Jurchen people from the 1100s to the 1200s.

kuriltai

A meeting of Mongol leaders where important decisions, like choosing a new ruler, were made.

pax

A period of peace and stability created by a powerful empire.

mongolica

The time of peace and safety across Eurasia during Mongol rule that made trade and travel easier.

uyghur alphabet

A writing system borrowed by the Mongols from the Uyghurs to record their language.

alexander nevsky

A Russian prince who cooperated with the Mongols and defended Russia from European invaders.

shamanism

A religion where people believe certain individuals can communicate with spirits to heal or guide others.

golden horde

a large and powerful Mongol-led empire that controlled vast swaths of Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan from the 13th to the late 15th centuries

cryillic alphabet

a writing system, derived from the Greek alphabet, that uses letters to represent sounds and is used for several Slavic and non-Slavic languages, such as Russian, Ukrainian, and Bulgarian