PSYC 1301 – Exam Cheat Sheet (Ch. 1 + Neurons)

Flashcards covering key concepts from PSYC 1301 - Chapter 1 and Neurons, including critical thinking, biases, scientific method, research reliability, neuron structure, and neurotransmitters.

Critical thinking involves __ questioning using evidence.

systematic

Amiable Skepticism means being open-minded but demanding __.

proof

__ Bias involves seeking information that supports one's existing beliefs.

Confirmation

Seeing false connections between unrelated events is known as __.

Illusory Correlation

The 'I knew it all along' phenomenon is an example of __ Bias.

Hindsight

Mental shortcuts that can sometimes lead to mistakes are called __.

Heuristics

The __-Kruger effect describes overconfidence in individuals with low skill.

Dunning

When repeated claims start to feel true, it's often due to the __ Effect.

Repetition

One goal of science is to __ (what?).

Describe

Predicting when an event will occur is a goal of _.

science

Explaining why something happens is another goal of _.

science

After forming a question, the next step in the scientific method is a __ Review.

Literature

A testable prediction in the scientific method is called a __.

Hypothesis

Following data collection in the scientific method, the next step is to __ the data.

Analyze

A broad explanation in science is known as a __.

Theory

The principle that prefers the simpler explanation among competing ones is called __ Razor.

Occam's

Repeating a study for confirmation is known as __.

Replication

__ is a problem in research where researchers seek statistical significance by manipulating data or analyses.

p-hacking

__ is a solution to improve research reliability, which involves publicly documenting research plans before data collection.

Preregistration

The part of a neuron that receives signals is the __.

Dendrite

The __ (Cell Body) integrates information in a neuron.

Soma

The __ sends signals away from the cell body.

Axon

The __ Sheath speeds up the signal transmission along the axon.

Myelin

The signal jumps between gaps in the myelin sheath called __ of Ranvier.

Nodes

Neurotransmitters are released from the __ Terminals.

Axon

The __ is the gap where neurotransmitters cross between neurons.

Synapse

__ is a neurotransmitter associated with reward and movement.

Dopamine

__ is a neurotransmitter that influences mood and sleep.

Serotonin

Alertness is primarily influenced by the neurotransmitter __.

Norepinephrine

The inhibitory neurotransmitter that calms the brain is __.

GABA

__ is an excitatory neurotransmitter crucial for learning.

Glutamate

The neurotransmitter __ (ACh) is important for muscle function and memory.

Acetylcholine

__ are neurotransmitters associated with pain relief and pleasure.

Endorphins