NUR 3030 Exam 1 study guide

Public health

A broad field of practice and research which is the backbone of the infrastructure supporting the health of the entire population.

Population health

A focus within the broader field of public health, paying attention to the health status of specific populations and variations in health among subgroups.

Community health

Health behaviors and outcomes among residents of a specific population community.

Five Levels of Prevention

Primordial, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary.

Primordial prevention

Prevent development of risk factors at the policy level.

Primary prevention

Prevent disease before it occurs, such as through vaccines.

Secondary prevention

Early detection of disease through screenings.

Tertiary prevention

Reduce complications and severity of disease, such as through rehabilitation.

Quaternary prevention

Prevent overmedicalization.

Core Functions of Public Health

Assessment, policy development, assurance/evaluation.

Community health assessment

The relevance of assessing community health to nursing practice in population-centered health care.

Vulnerable populations

Groups that are at a higher risk for poor health outcomes due to various individual and social factors.

Primary data sources

Participant observations, key informants, town hall meetings, focus groups, photovoice, spatial data.

Secondary data sources

Websites and printed materials.

Environmental Health Assessment

Risk assessment by medium: air, water, soil, food.

Built environment

The concept related to how the physical surroundings impact population health.

Health Service Pyramid

A graphic representation of health services and their levels of importance.

First Law of Geography - Tobler (1970)

Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.

Community Assessment Model

A framework for assessing community health needs and resources.

Health Status Indicators

Frequently recommended health metrics used to evaluate community health.

Nursing process

A systematic approach to assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and evaluate community health.

Community strengths and problems

Identified through data analysis of a composite community database.

Leading health indicators of Healthy People 2030

Selected objectives that guide health improvement efforts.

Key population measures

Vital statistics incorporated into community health nursing practice.

Community health profile

Indicators used to develop an understanding of community health.

Assess and Monitor Population Health

Applying the nursing process to the assessment of population health.

DIKW Pyramid

Data, information, knowledge, wisdom

Economic stability

Factors affecting financial security and resources

Employment

Access to jobs and job security

Housing and homes

Quality and stability of living conditions

Nutrition and healthy eating

Access to nutritious food and dietary habits

Workplace

Conditions and environment of employment

Education access and quality

Availability and standard of educational opportunities

Readiness

Preparedness for educational engagement

Attending school

Regular participation in educational institutions

Performance levels

Measures of academic achievement and success

Graduation rates

Percentage of students completing their education

Pursuing graduation education

Continuing education beyond high school

Participation in school breakfast program

Involvement in programs providing meals to students

Oral conditions

Health issues related to the mouth and teeth

Health care access and quality

Availability and standard of medical services

Community

Group of individuals living in a shared environment

Family planning

Strategies to control the number and spacing of children

Health communication

Dissemination of health-related information

Health IT

Use of technology to manage health information

Health insurance

Coverage for medical expenses

Oral health

Health of the mouth and teeth

Pregnancy and childbirth

The process of carrying and delivering a baby

Sensory or communication disorders

Conditions affecting the ability to perceive or communicate

Neighborhood and built environment

Physical surroundings where people live and interact

Environmental health

Impact of the environment on human health

Physical activity

Movement that enhances health and fitness

Respiratory disease

Conditions affecting the lungs and breathing

Social and community context

Influence of social interactions on health