Biology Exam 4

Species

a group of living organisms that are genetically similar, can interbreed, and have fertile offspring

Most life exists approximately ________ above sea level and ______below sea level.

4 miles; 1600 feet (third of a mile)

biological factor

competing species

non-biological factors

- Elevation

- nutrient availability

- amount of rainfall

ecosystem

The interaction of the living and non-living in a given area

biosphere

Areas when all life resides on Earth

community

All of the living organisms in a given place

population

A group of the same species in the same place

Possible ways some organisms defend themselves against negative interactions with other species

- warning coloration or mimicry of warning coloration

- ability to re-grow parts (ex. antlers)

- camouflage

- speed

A major difference between energy and nutrients is that __________.

Nutrients are used over and over in the environment.

niche

The role of the species in its community

habitat

The place in which a species lives

commensalism

- bird hitching a ride on a rhinocerous

- One species benefits and the other has no direct effect

competition

- Both species are harmed

- wolves fighting over territory

mutualism

- Both species benefit

- normal flora (bacteria) in your large intestine (gut)

parasitism

fleas and ticks on a dog

predation

human eating lettuce

producers

converts solar energy to chemical energy in the bonds of sugars

decomposers

breaks down the food to its fundamental elements

herbivore

primary consumer

carnivore

secondary consumer

It took 1649 years for the world population to double, going from 0.25 billion people to 0.50 billion people. According to the table in the worksheet, how long did it take for the population to double again, i.e. from 0.50 people to 1 billion people?

200 years

How long did it take for the population to double a second time, i.e. after the answer to question #1?

75 years

How long did it take for the population to double a third time, i.e. after the answer to question #2?

51 years

If the rate of growth continues (from question 3), approximately what year would the human population reach 12.50 billion, which is approximately double that of 6.4 billion?

2055

The agricultural revolution increased...

food production

The industrial revolution improved methods of transporting

food

The 20th century brought advances in ______ that allowed for healthier children..

nutrition

The 20th century brought advances in ______ that allowed for clean water.

sanitation

The 20th century brought advances in ______ such as pencillin.

medicine

zero population growth

- It means that each couple would have 2 or less children.

- It means that there are as many people being born as dying.

- The population size continues to increase because generations live long enough to see multiple generations born.

What is the reference for our theme verse for this Faith and Science unit?

2 Peter 1:5-11

In class, we discussed that there are some questions in life that cannot be answered through science. (t/f)

true

Soil management and gene therapy are 2 examples of topics that are solely within the realm of science. (t/f)

false

What topics have helped others to learn more about the integration of faith and science?

- Interpretations of Genesis

- How to define evolution

- Limitations of science

- Worldviews

principles in the unit

- A major part of the conflict between faith and science is based on the worldview through which a person interprets scientific claims.

- While the questions of WHO created and WHY we were created are central to our doctrine, how we answer the question of HOW God created is not necessarily a salvation issue.

- Science is a limited way of thinking and cannot address all life's questions.

- The interpretation of Genesis often varies between God-honoring Christians.

metacognition

an awareness of analysis of one's own learning or thinking processes?

Which of the sources of knowledge ARE used in science?

- logic

- personal experience

- authority

Logic is a great source of knowledge in science because logic does not differ between people. (t/f)

false

Testable

- One must be able to run a test to get an answer.

- Unavoidable uncertainty

Repeatable

- Independent people must verify the answers time and time again.

- There is always 1 more trial that could be tried

Systematic

- There must be a methodical procedure for testing the concept.

- Science cannot answer questions of beauty of ethics

Objective

- The claim must be derived on your senses.

- Humans fall short of this goal

Empirical

- The claim must be based on observation or experience.

- This limits us to the natural world

belief

your perception of what is real/true

proposition

all statements about a topic

knowledge

the intersection of belief and truth

truth

something that corresponds with reality and/or coheres with all other propositions

2 theories of true determination

- Coherence Theory

- Correspondence Theory

The author makes the analogy that every statement you believe is true about creation-evolution is like a cell inside a huge ______.

grid

Your willingness to possibly adjust your thinking about this (and any) topic will require that you have a a high "commitment to discovering _____."

truth

Materialism or naturalism

Variety of life is solely due to natural forces and God has nothing to do with it

Common descent

The more ancient the ancestors, the more different they appear from current organisms

Genetic changes over time

Measured by comparing frequencies of genes in populations

Evolution includes ideas about how life came into being from non-life. (t/f)

false

Individuals evolve and pass on these changes to their offspring. (t/f)

false

Microevolution and macroevolution are the same processes. (t/f)

true

People who accept the evidence for macroevolution always also embrace evolutionism, which is the claim that everything is getting better.

false

What 4 worldview beliefs does the author suggest play a role in your position about origins?

- Belief about how a person gains reliable knowledge

- Belief about the Bible

- Belief about the integration of knowledge

- Belief about God

Although Christians typically agree that Scripture is inspired, they do not all agree on what we mean by the term "inspired." (t/f)

true

From the first paragraph in the section, "The Message of Genesis," what 2 things does the author suggest are clearly and repeatedly identified in the Old and New Testaments?

- God as the Creator of the physical realm and everything in it

- God's purpose for creating

The author summarizes 13 major points in the first few chapters of Genesis. Choose 2 of these major points.

- God created everything

- Humans are in His image

As you consider your perspective on how to interpret Genesis 1, it is important to think about HOW you answer these questions as well as WHY you have that perspective. (t/f)

true

Which Scripture encourages the reader to recognize that "God's power and nature are clearly seen from what He has made."

Romans 1:18-20

According to the author, theology makes no contribution to the study of Origins because it is not an evidence-based discipline. (t/f)

false

Microevolution and macroevolution happen by the same processes. (true/misconception)

true

Inspiration of Scripture can only mean God directly dictated the writers of Scripture (true/misconception)

Misconception

Evolutionism as naturalism is a philosophical, not a scientific approach to evolution. (true/misconception)

true

The definition of evolution as "common descent" includes the proposition that all humans were once apes. (true/misconception)

Misconception

The process of evolution is the changes in the genetic make-up of a population of organism. (true/misconception)

true

The definition of evolution always includes the idea that God was not the Creator (true/misconception)

misconception

Old Testament scholars do not agree on the how to best translate the Hebrew word yom, which is translated as day. (true/misconception)

true

Evolution includes the concept of how life began on Earth. (true/misconception)

Misconception

If someone accepts the evidence for the process of evolution, he/she also accepts that all life on Earth came from a common, single-celled organism. (true/misconception)

Misconception

Traits that an organism acquires within its lifetime will be passed on to offspring. (true/misconception)

misconception

A primary argument within the Intelligent Design theory is that

intelligent causes are necessary to explain biology.

One of the arguments for a creator is that the universe is

Ordered, complex, and huge

What would an Intelligent Design (ID) advocate believe concerning whether life came about through random processes?

It is impossibly unlikely.

Intelligent Design theory necessarily includes the idea that God was the creator of the Universe. (t/f)

False

Some creationists' objections to ID theory are that _________. Choose ALL that apply.

- it does not necessarily reject macroevolution.

- it is a God of the Gaps theory.

- it doesn't name God of the Bible as the designer.

Methodological naturalists may criticize ID because

it includes explanations (i.e., supernatural intervention) that is outside the realm of science.

irreducible complexity

ID's argument for an intelligent creator includes the idea that "living systems are composed of several (often many) interacting parts... (that) contributes to the basic function of the system."

ALL the physical constants that could be seen as evidence that a designer created our "finely tuned universe."

- Ratio of electron to proton mass

- Nuclear weak forces

- Gravity

- Nuclear strong forces

- Electromagnetic coupling constant

- Entropy level of the universe

The main factors which separate these camps have to do with which 2 topics? (according to the booklet)

- Whether or not (or how) God uses evolution to create

- Age of the creation

Christians are found in which of the camps?

First 3 camps

Old Earth Creation

- "Progressive Creation"

- The Earth is billions of years old, but God created by a series of creative acts over a long period of time

- Adam and Eve were historical persons, but perhaps not the first ones

Young Earth Creation

- God created in 6 consecutive 24-hour periods

- The Earth is NOT billions of years old

- ALL theories of macroevolution are rejected

Atheistic Evolution

- Popular scientists with this view include Richard Dawkins and Neil DeGrasse Tyson

- God does not exist, so the universe and all life must have appeared due to natural causes

Evolutionary Creation

- Creation accounts are largely figurative

- The universe is billions of years old, but God planned or guided evolution of life.

- Supports may be called theistic evolutionists, with about 18% of Protestant pastors holding this view in 2012.

Deistic or Agnostic Evolution

The physical realm is superior. God may have created it, but he is no longer involved in it

Individuals fall exclusively into 1 of these 5 camps, with no possibility of overlap between groups (t/f)

false

While God is infallible, interpretations of the Bible and interpretations of the natural world are done by fallible and subjective theologians and scientists (t/f)

true

No Common Ground

"Compartmentalism" - Conflict is impossible because science and theology tell us different kinds of things about different things.

Each is Incomplete

"Complementarism" - Each discipline provides valid insights but from different perspectives

Theologians Know Best

When in conflict, theology is right.

Mutual Dependence

"Concordism" - Theology and science need each other to produce a complete picture of reality

Scientists Know Best

When in conflict, science is right.

In the International Journal of Frontier Missions, Ralph Winter said, "We can totally disagree with someone else's interpretation of the Bible without... "

accusing them of not believing the Bible itself."

Which statements are listed as recommendations for productive dialogue?

- Train yourself to listen.

- Be willing to admit and reveal your presuppositions.

- Identify your goals.

- Educate yourself.