FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF CRIME & DEVIANCE BOOKLET 4

How does Cohen's stays frustration differ from Merton's strain theory?

• Cohen takes into account non-urilitarian crime, but Merton does not

• Cohen focuses on subcultures but Merton focuses on individuals

Who came up with the idea of illegitimate opportunity structures?

Cloward and Ohlin

How do Cloward and Ohlin agree with Merton?

They argue that working class youth are denied legitimate opportunities to achieve money success and their deviance is a way for them to respond to this situation

What does Cloward and Ohlin say about location?

They argue that different neighborhoods provide different illegitimate opportunities for young people to learn criminal skills and develop their criminal career

What is the Chicago school?

Cloward and Ohlin researched areas with existing criminal networks, and found 3 distinct variations of subcultures, what are they?

Criminal, conflict, retreatist

What is the broken windows theory?

Crime is more drawn to worn down areas

What do criminal subcultures provide youths with?

A criminal apprenticeship in a career for utilitarian crime

Give an exmaple of criminal subcultures?

Gangs

What neighborhoods do criminal subcultures appear in?

Those with long-standing criminal cultures with established hierarchies of professional adult crime

What do conflict subcultures result in?

High levels of social disorganization and prevents a professional criminal network developing

In the absence of a criminal network, what crime appears?

Illegitimate crime opportunities

How do gangs earn status?

By winning "turf"

Give a real life example of gangs fighting for turf?

LA - Bloodz and Cripz

If someone has failed illegitimately and legitimately, what are they called?

Retreatists

Why are Retreatists also known as?

Double failures

According to Cloward and Ohlin, Retreatists culture turn to what?

Illegal drug use

Outline 2 reasons why deviant subcultures exist (4 marks)

(+ Blocked opportunities, illegitimate and legitimate means)

• one reason why deviant of cultures exist is location (and the idea of cultural and material deprivation), if someone has grown up in a poor area where crime is more present, this can cause deviant subcultures to form

• a second reason why deviant subcultures exist is poor education educational achievement, if someone doesn't do well in school, they may form some culture to gain status. This culture may be deviant, this is shown in Willis's study of the lads where they formed an anti School subcultural as they drunk and smoked