Henry VIII and the Reformation Flashcards

Flashcards about Henry VIII and the Reformation

What were some of Henry VIII's qualities and hobbies when he was young?

He was tall and handsome, and a keen jouster, wrestler, archer, hunter, and tennis player.

How did Henry VIII become the heir to the throne?

Arthur, his older brother, died unexpectedly in 1502.

Who did Henry VIII marry straight after inheriting the throne?

Catherine of Aragon, his dead brother's widow.

Why was Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon important?

To secure England's alliance with Spain.

What were Henry VIII's dreams for England?

He dreamed of conquest, transforming England into a great European empire, ruling over Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and France.

What military successes did England enjoy in the 1513 invasion of France?

The English army captured two towns and won a victory against the French at the Battle of the Spurs.

What happened in Scotland during Henry VIII's invasion of France?

King James IV of Scotland invaded northern England.

What was the outcome of the Scottish invasion of northern England?

The Scottish army was soundly beaten at the Battle of Flodden, and King James IV was killed.

Who persuaded Henry VIII to make peace with France after victories over the French and Scottish?

Thomas Wolsey, Henry's Lord Chancellor, persuaded Henry to make peace with France.

What was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

A magnificent celebration of peace between England and France in June 1520, where Henry VIII and Francis I tried to outdo each other with displays of wealth and flamboyance.

What positions of power did Thomas Wolsey hold?

He became Archbishop of York in 1514, a Cardinal, and Lord Chancellor.

Who was at the head of the Catholic Church in the 16th century?

The Pope.

What was the reputation of the Roman Catholic Church by 1500?

The Roman Catholic Church had developed a reputation for corruption.

What were some ways the Catholic Church raised money that were considered corrupt?

Selling indulgences (certificates personally signed by the Pope to gain forgiveness for sins) and 'holy relics'.

What had the Catholic Church turned rotten by?

wealth.

How did priests react to the corruption of the Catholic Church?

They attacked the Pope and the Catholic Church, giving sermons and writing short books explaining their beliefs.

What new invention greatly aided the priests in spreading their beliefs?

The printing press.

Where was Protestantism particularly powerful?

Germany, Switzerland, Holland, and Belgium.

What changes did Protestants propose for Christianity?

They proposed a simpler form of Christianity, replacing ritual and superstition with the word of the Bible, and richly decorated church interiors with plain, whitewashed walls.

What did Martin Luther do in 1517, which is said to have marked the start of the Reformation?

He wrote a list of arguments, known as the '95 theses', attacking church abuses, in particular the selling of indulgences.

Why was Henry VIII so dissatisfied with his marriage to Catherine of Aragon by 1525?

His wife, Catherine of Aragon, was now 40 years old and had given him only one child who survived infancy - his daughter Mary.

Who did Henry VIII fall in love with that caused him to seek a divorce?

He had fallen in love with Anne Boleyn.

What prevented Henry VIII from being able to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn?

Catherine of Aragon's nephew was the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who had recently captured Rome and taken Pope Clement as his prisoner. Charles ordered that the Pope not allow Henry to divorce Catherine.

On what grounds did Henry VIII claim that his first marriage was not lawful?

The book of Leviticus in the Bible states if a man marries his brother's widow, the couple will remain childless.

Why did leaving the Roman Catholic Church provide a solution to Henry VIII's 'Great Matter'?

If England were no longer a Catholic country, Henry would no longer need the Pope's approval to divorce.

What did the 1534 Act of Supremacy confirm?

It confirmed England's break with Rome, and created a new Church of England.

What happened to those in England who refused to swear the Oath of Supremacy?

They were tried for treason and executed.

Who was Thomas Cromwell, and what were his religious views?

He was born the son of a Putney blacksmith, but rose to become Chancellor of the Exchequer, and pushed for further Protestant reforms to the church.

How did Henry VIII gain from the Dissolution of the Monasteries?

He gained the land and property of the monasteries, increasing the crown's income.

Why did Robert Aske begin the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Because the destruction of England's monasteries was a step too far.

Why did the Dissolution of the Monasteries lead to the creation of so many new schools in England?

To replace the education that monasteries had provided, wealthy businessmen and landowners established new 'grammar schools'.

On what grounds was Anne Boleyn executed in 1536?

Multiple cases of adultery and treason.

Was Henry VIII's marriage to Jane Seymour a success?

Yes, she provided Henry with a son, Edward.

How did Henry VIII's accident in 1536 change his appearance?

He grew enormously fat, developed arthritis and painful ulcers, and was too overweight to walk.

Why did Henry VIII execute his chief minister Thomas Cromwell in 1540?

For his Protestant sympathies, and for organising Henry's failed marriage to Anne of Cleves.

How were Edward VI's religious views different from those of his father?

Edward VI was a far stronger believer in the Reformation than his father.