Key Concepts in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism

Brahman

Ultimate reality, source of everything, omnipresent.

Atman

Core self, distinct from body and mind.

Karma

Actions influence future rebirths and experiences.

Trimurti

Hindu trinity of three main gods.

Brahma

Creator god, responsible for existence.

Vishnu

Preserver god, maintains cosmic balance.

Shiva

Destroyer god, dissolves universe for renewal.

Reincarnation

Cycle of rebirths until achieving Moksha.

Dharma

Moral order and duty to maintain balance.

Yuga Cycle

Four ages representing the universe's life.

Satya Yuga

Golden Age with high moral standards.

Treta Yuga

Silver Age with declining virtue and lifespan.

Dvapara Yuga

Bronze Age marked by materialism and decline.

Kali Yuga

Iron Age of chaos and destruction.

Mandir

Hindu church for worship and community.

Caste System

Social hierarchy based on Dharma obligations.

The Vedas

Ancient texts containing hymns and rituals.

The Upanishads

Philosophical texts exploring reality and time.

Maya

Illusion of the sensory world we perceive.

Siddhartha Gautama

Buddha who sought enlightenment through balance.

Four Noble Truths

Core principles of Buddhism addressing suffering.

Dukkha

Truth that existence is suffering.

Samudaya

Cause of suffering is craving.

Niroda

Ending suffering by letting go of craving.

Magga

Path to end suffering is the Eightfold Path.

Middle Way

Balanced approach between asceticism and indulgence.

Bodhi Tree

Tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment.

Vihara

Place of worship for Buddhist communities.

Dharmachakra

Wheel symbolizing the Eightfold Path and Dharma.

Sangha

Community of monks practicing Buddhism.

Sikhism

Religion founded by Guru Nanak emphasizing equality.

Kami

Sacred spirits in Shinto associated with nature.

Analects of Confucius

Collection of sayings and teachings of Confucius.