Chapter 6: The Integumentary Systems

The Skin

The largest & heaviest organ

Epidermis

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Hypodermis

the name for “deep to skin”; subcutaneous fat; where adipose tissue is found;

Thick skin

type of tissue found on palms, soles, fingers, toes, has SWEAT GLANDS, but it has NO OIL GLANDS

Thin Skin

type of tissue found throughout the body, it has hair follicles, sweat glands, and OIL GLANDS

Skin

the functions of this include: resisting trauma and infection, it has anti microbial peptides, it’s a barrier to water/UV rays/harmful chemicals, it plays a part in Vitamin D synthesis, allows sensation, thermoregulation

Thermoregulation

This is a process that happens when chilly or overheating; attempting to maintain homeostasis

Sweat Glands

these things secrete sweat

Dermis

This part is composed of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, fibroblasts, etc.

3.​Contains BV, cutaneous glands, nerve endings, hair follicles, and nail roots

Papillary Layer

this layer has loosely organized tissue that allows for mobility of WBCs and other defenses

(hint it’s in the dermis)

Reticular Layer

This layer is the deeper layer of dense irregular CT

(hint it’s in the dermis)

Stratum basale

This layer is made of a single layer of stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells resting on the basement membrane

Stratum spinosum

This layer has several layers of cells which are constantly pushing upwards and producing keratin

Stratum granulosum

This layer has 3-5 layers of flat cells called granules

Stratum lucidum

this layer is a zone of cells packed with clear protein

Stratum corneum

a layer with up to 30 layers of dead, scaly keratinized cells

Eumelanin

Brownish blackish pigment in skin

Phemelanin

reddish-yellow pigment in skin

UV Rats

What stimulates melanin synthesis and therefore darkens the skin?

Erythema

skin condition which is redness caused by increased blood flow bc of dilated Blood Vessels

Pallor

super pale skin from little blood flow through skin

Albinism

a skin condition in which someone genetically lacks melanin

Jaundice

Yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes because of high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Hematoma

A mass of clotted blood showing through the skin (think! a bruise)

​Dendritic cells

defense cells that migrate to the dermis (basically WBCs in dermis)