Physical Properties of Materials

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the physical properties of materials, focusing on phase changes, vapor pressure, boiling points, and properties of solutions.

What remains constant during phase changes?

Temperature remains constant during phase changes.

Define vapor pressure.

The pressure exerted by a vapor above the surface of a liquid.

What is atmospheric pressure?

The pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere.

What is the boiling point?

The temperature at which vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure.

Why is water's normal boiling point 100 °C at standard atmospheric pressure?

At 101.3 kPa (1 atm), the vapor pressure of water equals atmospheric pressure at 100 °C.

What happens during evaporation?

Bubbles cannot form since the vapor pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.

What happens during boiling?

Bubbles can form and rise since the vapor pressure can overcome atmospheric pressure.

What is a solution?

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which one substance is dissolved in the other.

What are colligative properties?

Properties of a substance that are affected by the concentration of solute particles, but not the identity of the particles.

What is meant by 'like dissolves like'?

Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.

How does temperature affect the solubility of solids and gases?

As temperature increases, most solids become more soluble in water, while gases become less soluble.

What is an unsaturated solution?

A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.

What is a saturated solution?

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.

What is a supersaturated solution?

A solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.