Physical Science Chapter 3 test

work:

the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move

simple machine:

a machine that does work with only one movement of the machine. It changes the size or direction of a force

inclined plane:

a sloping surface used to raise objects

compound machine:

a combination of two or more simple machines

efficiency:

a measure of how much of the work put into a machine is changed into useful output work by the machine

joules:

a unit of energy that depends on the object's mass and velocity

As _________ transformations occur within a system, the total energy of the system remains constant.

energy

kinetic energy:

is the energy a moving object had because of its motion

formula for kinetic energy:

1/2 m x v^2

potential energy:

energy that is stored

formula for potential energy:

PE=wh

elastic potential energy:

energy stored by something that can stretch or compress, such as a rubber band or spring

chemical potential energy:

energy stored due to chemical bonds

gravitational potential energy:

(GPE) is energy due to gravitational forces between object

near Earth's surface, gravity is ______ N/kg.

9.8

GPE:

mgh

law of conservation of energy:

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed

mechanical energy:

the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the objects in a system.

chocolate chip cookie:

chemical potential energy

pogo stick on impact:

elastic potential energy

gasoline:

chemical potential energy

bicycle at the top of a hill:

gravitational potential energy

stretched rubber band:

elastic potential energy

apple in a tree:

gravitational potential energy or chemical potential energy

Two baseballs have the same mass. The ball that is closer to the ground has ______ gravitational potential energy than the other ball does.

less

Two trucks have the same velocity but different mass. The truck with the greater mass has ________ kinetic energy than the other truck does.

more

__________ is the ability to cause change.

energy

A _________ is a unit of measure of all forms of energy.

joule

When an object falls, some of its __________ energy changes to ____________ energy.

potential; kinetic

The ________ energy of an object depends on its mass and weight.

potential

The energy of food and other fuels is ______________ potential energy.

chemical