AP Euro AMSCO Chapter 6 - Stuggles Over Sovereignty and Centralization

Decentralized power

Power spread amongst many groups and individuals

Centralized power

Small group holds control

Political localism

Local control of governments, history and culture

Religious pluralism

Acceptance of diverse religions

Thirty Years War

(1618-48) Religious war between Protestants and the Catholic Church

New monarchies

states the emerged during the early modern period that featured greater royal control and centralization

Modern state

Countries that were centralized, had tax collection, strong military, systems of justice, and a determined religion.

Concordat of Bologna

Treaty that permitted the pope to collect all income that the Catholic Church made in France

Edict of Nantes

Granted the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms

Huguenots

French Calvinist Protestants

Star Chamber

English law court created in the late 15th century

Peace of Augsburg

1555 agreement declaring that the religion of the ruler was the religion of the country

Schmalkaldic League

Alliance of Protestant territories within the HRE

Diet of Augsburg

Allowed individual to choose whether their subjects would practice Lutheran or Roman Catholicism

Peace of Westphalia

the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648

Gentry

class of prosperous families who made money through commercial ventures rather than inheritance

Secular state

Government is separate from religion

Machiavellianism

Rulers should be willing to use cunning and deceitfulness to keep in power-help society by providing security and a stable government.

Absolute Sovereignty

rulers of the sovereign state, maintain peace by issuing laws and dictating religion, regardless of whether the people consent

Sovereign state

Operating by the doctrine of the divine right of kings

Natural law

Humans are born with certain innate rights. Leader should govern by rational laws or ethical principles based on reason

Social Contract

Power comes from an agreement among people rather than from divine right-society needs a very powerful government to keep order

Balance of power

Maintain by assuring that its strengths equal that of potential adversaries

King Gustavus Adolphus

Responsible for military changes in Sweden (small to large and powerful)

Political Centralization

Form of government in which a single person or small group exercises control

English Civil War

Result of Stuart monarch's efforts to make England and absolute monarch

Charles I

King James I son-argued with parliament over taxes

Parliamentarians

"roundheads"- wanted changed in English Civil War

Royalists

"Cavaliers"- supported monarch in English Civil War

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of Parliament during the English Civil War, executed Charles I, established Commonwealth

Charles II

King of England in 1660

Commonwealth of England

republic over monatch

Long parliament

Supported Charles I (1640-1660)

Rump parliament

left over parliament from preceding Parliament

Absolutism

Political theory of Jean Bodin- rulers of sovereign states operated by divine right of kings

Protectorate

a state that is controlled and protected by another.

The Fronde

Violent uprising in France against the monarchy

Catalan Revolt

Backlash by Catalan, due to Count Olivares into Catalonia to gain access to the region's people and resources to fight the French

Dutch Revolt

1568-1648 Dutch War of Independence

Jan Hus

Voice for reforming the Catholic Church- strong influence on Western Europe.