Table 11-17 (Goodman): Comparison of Manifestations of Hypoglycemia + Hyperglycemia

hypoglycemia

Onset: rapid (minutes)

Mood: labile, irritable, nervous, weepy

Mental Status: difficulty concentrating, speaking, focusing, coordinating

Inward Feeling: shaky, hungry, headache, dizziness

Skin: pallor, sweating

Mucous Membranes: normal

Respiration: shallow

Pulse: tachycardia

Breath Odor: normal

Neurologic: tremors

- Late: dilated pupils, convulsions

is the onset RAPID/GRADUAL with HYPOGLYCEMIA

rapid (minutes) onset

what are 4 MOODS associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

1. labile

2. irritable

3. nervous

4. weepy

what are 4 DIFFICULTIES (MENTAL STATUS) associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

1. difficulty concentrating

2. difficulty speaking

3. difficulty focusing

4. difficulty coordinating

what are 4 INWARD FEELINGS associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

1. shaky

2. hungry

3. headache

4. dizziness

what are 2 SKIN CHARACTERISTICS associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

1. pallor (pale)

2. sweating

are the MUCOUS MEMBRANES normal/dry with HYPOGLYCEMIA

normal mucous membranes

are the RESPIRATIONS shallow/deep with HYPOGLYCEMIA

shallow respirations

is the PULSE classified as TACHYCARDIA/BRADYCARDIA with hypoglycemia

tachycardia pulse

is the BREATH ODOR normal/fruity with HYPOGLYCEMIA

normal breath odor

what is the NEUROLOGIC presentation associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

tremors

late: dilated pupils, convulsions

hyperglycemia

Onset: gradual (days)

Mood: lethargic

Mental Status: dulled sensorium, confused

Inward Feeling: thirst, weakness, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain

Skin: flushed, signs of dehydration

Mucous Membranes: dry, crusty

Respiration: deep, rapid (Kussmaul respirations)

Pulse: less rapid, weak

Breath Odor: fruity, acetone

Neurologic: diminished reflexes, paresthesias

is the onset RAPID/GRADUAL with HYPERGLYCEMIA

gradual (days) onset

what MOOD is associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

lethargic

what are the 2 MENTAL STATUS associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

1. dulled sensorium

2. confused

what are 4 INWARD FEELINGS associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

1. thirst

2. weakness

3. nausea/vomiting

4. abdominal pain

what are 2 SKIN CHARACTERISTICS associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

1. flushed

2. signs of dehydration

are the MUCOUS MEMBRANES normal/dry + crusty with HYPERGLYCEMIA

dry + crusty mucous membranes

are the RESPIRATIONS shallow/deep + rapid with HYPERGLYCEMIA

deep + rapid respirations (Kussmaul respirations)

what is the name of the respirations associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

Kussmaul respirations

what is the PULSE described as that's associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

less rapid, weak

is the BREATH ODOR normal/fruity + acetone with HYPERGLYCEMIA

fruity, acetone breath odor

what is the NEUROLOGIC presentation associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

diminished reflexes, paresthesias

is there HIGH/LOW glucose levels associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

low glucose: <50 mg/dL

is there HIGH/LOW glucose levels associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

high glucose: ≥250 mg/dL

is there NEGATIVE/POSITIVE ketones associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

negative ketones

is there HIGH/LOW ketones associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

high/large ketones

is the pH NORMAL/ABNORMAL with HYPOGLYCEMIA

normal pH

is the pH HIGH/LOW with HYPERGLYCEMIA

low pH: ≤7.25

is the hematocrit NORMAL/ABNORMAL with HYPOGLYCEMIA

normal hematocrit

is the hematocrit HIGH/LOW with HYPERGLYCEMIA

high hematocrit

what is the URINE OUTPUT associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

normal urine output

what is the URINE OUTPUT associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

polyuria (early)/oliguria (late)

what is the GLUCOSE URINE VALUE associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

negative glucose urine value

what is the GLUCOSE URINE VALUE associated with HYPERGYCEMIA

high glucose urine value

what is the KETONE URINE VALUE associated with HYPOGLYCEMIA

negative/trace ketone urine value

what is the KETONE URINE VALUE associated with HYPERGLYCEMIA

high ketone urine value