CAMBRIDGE IELTS 20 - TEST 3 - PASSAGE 3

colonise

take over, settle, occupy

cosmology

the study of the nature and origin of the universe

astrophysics

the type of astronomy that uses physical laws and ideas to explain the behaviour of the stars and other objects in space

professor

a university teacher of the highest rank

solar

of the sun, from the sun, relating to the sun

mapped

charted, surveyed, plotted #unexplored, unknown

craft

ship, vessel, boat

asteroid

an object like a very large rock that goes around the sun like a planet

fabrication

making, creation, construction #destruction, demolition

realistic

practical, sensible, true-to-life #unrealistic, impossible

raw

unprocessed, natural, crude #processed, refined

benign

safe, harmless, gentle

terraform

to make a planet more like Earth, so that people can live on it

preserve

keep safe, protect, conserve #destroy, harm

status

position, standing, condition

analogous

similar, comparable, equivalent

exploit

make use of, utilize, harness

mineral resources

natural materials, raw materials, geological resources

pressing need

urgent need, important reason, strong need

vast

very large, huge, enormous #small, tiny

majority

more than half of a total number or amount; the larger part of something

currently

now, at the moment, at present #in the past

inaccessible

hard to reach, out of reach, unreachable #accessible, reachable

gather

bring together, collect, assemble #scatter, spread

anthropology

human studies, social science, ethnology

colonisation

the act of taking over a place, settlement, occupation

morally

ethically, righteously, conscientiously #immorally, unethically

dubious

doubtful, suspicious, questionable #certain, trustworthy

spirit

attitude, intention, mood

genuine

real, true, sincere

impose

enforce, dictate, require

in response to

in reaction to, as a reply to, answering

outstrip

beat, surpass, exceed

beat

win against, defeat, overcome #lose to, be defeated by

sense

feel, perceive, be aware of #ignore, be unaware of

recognise

identify, know, spot #misidentify

chessboard

a board with 64 black and white squares that chess is played on

successor

next version, follower, next generation #predecessor

surroundings

area, place, space

adeptly

skillfully, competently, proficiently

arise

come up, emerge, appear #disappear, vanish

guilty

at fault, responsible for wrong, culpable #innocent

sophisticated

complex in design or function #simple, basic

fret

worry, be anxious, be concerned #relax, be calm

underemployed

not having enough work to do, or having a job that does not use all your skills

frustrated

annoyed, upset, disappointed #satisfied

in a limited sense

in some ways, to some extent, partially

navigate

find one's way, steer, direct

identify

recognize, determine, detect #misidentify

visual

related to sight, of the eyes, seeable

reliability

sureness, trustworthiness, consistency #unreliability, inconsistency

flexibility

adaptability, versatility, suppleness #rigidity, inflexibility

ambitious

aspiring, determined, self-seeking

intrinsic

innate, essential, fundamental

stem from

come from, result from, originate from

tendency

habit, leaning, inclination

personify

to treat something as if it were in the form of a human being #objectify, dehumanize

inanimate

not alive, lifeless, non-living #alive, living

representation

model, depiction, illustration

behave

act, perform, function #misbehave

therefore

so, for that reason, as a result

autonomous

independent, self-directed, self-governing #dependent, controlled

threat

danger, hazard, menace

consequence

result, effect, outcome

subsequently

then, later, afterwards #before, previously

futurologist

person who studies the future, future expert, future predictor

so-called

named, called, known as

singularity

the point when robots will be able to start creating ever more sophisticated versions of themselves

dependent on

relying on, reliant on, counting on #independent of

goal

aim, objective, purpose

contrary

opposite, conflicting, against #the same as, in line with

welfare

health and happiness, well-being, good fortune

idiot

unintelligent person, fool, dummy #genius, expert

savant

scholar, expert, genius #amateur, novice

capacity

ability, capability, potential #inability, incapacity

outwit

to defeat someone by being more intelligent

surpass

to be greater, better, or more successful than #be worse than, fall short of

calculate

work out, figure out, compute #guess

process

handle, deal with, manage

artificial

non-natural, man-made, machine-made #natural, real

malicious

evil, spiteful, malevolent #kind

critically

importantly, crucially, vitally #unimportantly, trivially

misuse

wrong use, abuse, misapplication #proper use

robotics

the science of making and using robots

outweigh

be greater than, exceed, surpass

persist

continue, last, endure #stop, cease, disappear, vanish

rise up

to rebel or fight against authority, to stand up #surrender, obey

challenge

fight against, question, defy

supremacy

power, rule, dominance #inferiority, subordination

unlikely

not probable to happen, improbable, questionable #likely, probable

science fiction

sci-fi, futuristic story

first-rate

very good, of the best, excellent #second-rate, poor-quality

second-rate

not very good, not of the best, mediocre

stimulating

interesting, engaging, thought-provoking #boring, dull

remarkable

great, impressive, extraordinary #ordinary, normal

predict

tell the future, forecast, foresee

paint

depict, illustrate, portray

vivid

clear, bright, detailed

spectrum

range, variety, array

dystopian

relating to a very bad or unfair society in which there is a lot of suffering