Study Guide – IT Infrastructure & Databases PT 2

1. What component processes instructions and coordinates all other computer hardware?

   • A. RAM

   • B. CPU

   • C. ROM

   • D. Hard Drive

B. CPU

1. Which of the following storage types is volatile and loses its data when power is turned off?

1. A. Hard Disk Drive

2. B. RAM

3. C. SSD

4. D. Optical Disc

B. RAM

1. What type of storage provides non-volatile memory for long-term data retention?

1. A. RAM

2. B. Cache Memory

3. C. Secondary Storage

4. D. Virtual Memory

C. Secondary Storage

1. What is the purpose of a primary key in a database?

1. A. To store duplicate records

2. B. To uniquely identify each record in a table

3. C. To act as a backup for the table

4. D. To link multiple databases together

B. To uniquely identify each record in a table

1. What is the primary advantage of a NoSQL database over a relational database?

   • A. It requires more structured data

   • B. It only works with text-based information

   • C. It is optimized for handling unstructured data

   • D. It does not require a database management system

C. It is optimized for handling unstructured data

1. What is the main difference between a data warehouse and a data mart?

1. A. A data mart contains a large amount of unfiltered data

2. B. A data warehouse is smaller and more focused than a data mart

3. C. A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse, focused on a specific function

4. D. A data mart is used to store raw, unprocessed data

C. A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse, focused on a specific function.

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Big Data?

1. A. Volume

2. B. Velocity

3. C. Variety

4. D. Verification

D. Verification

1. What does SQL stand for?

   • A. System Query Logic

   • B. Structured Query Language

   • C. Software Query Locator

   • D. Simple Query Listing

B. Structured Query Language

1. What is the role of cache memory?

1. A. To store files permanently

2. B. To provide quick access to frequently used data for the CPU

3. C. To act as a backup storage device

4. D. To store BIOS information

B. To provide quick access to frequently used data for the CPU.

1. Which of the following best describes cloud computing?

•     A.  A system where applications and data are stored on local machines only

•     B. A network of connected devices that communicate in real time

•     C. A model where computing resources and storage are accessed remotely over    the internet

•     D. A type of advanced processing used only by supercomputers

C. A model where computing resources and storage are accessed remotely over the internet

11. Which of the following best describes Moore’s Law?
A. The number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every two years.
B. Computer storage capacity doubles every five years.
C. Network speeds increase exponentially each year.
D. The cost of computing hardware decreases every decade.

A. The number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every two years.

12. What is the main advantage of using RAID in a storage system?
A. It increases processing speed.
B. It improves data redundancy and performance.
C. It eliminates the need for secondary storage.
D. It enhances CPU processing power.

B. It improves data redundancy and performance, by distributing data across multiple disks to ensure reliability and faster access.

13. What does TCP/IP primarily define?
A. The structure of relational databases
B. The rules for transmitting data over a network
C. The process of encrypting cloud storage
D. The functions of a CPU and RAM

B. The rules for transmitting data over a network, including how data is packaged, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.

14. What is the main function of a data warehouse?
A. To store all real-time business transactions
B. To provide a centralized repository for historical data and analysis
C. To replace traditional databases in business environments
D. To run NoSQL queries for social media applications

B. To provide a centralized repository for historical data, enabling data analysis and reporting for business intelligence.

15. Which of the following is a key characteristic of Big Data?
A. Stability
B. Predictability
C. Velocity
D. Randomness

C. Velocity refers to the speed at which data is generated, processed, and analyzed, which is a critical aspect of Big Data.

16. What is the primary purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?
A. It ensures that a record is unique within a table.
B. It stores unstructured data within a database.
C. It links two tables together by referencing a primary key in another table.
D. It is used only in NoSQL databases for data retrieval.

C. It links two tables together by referencing a primary key in another table, enforcing referential integrity between the two tables.

17. What is the primary benefit of using cloud computing?
A. It eliminates the need for a local operating system.
B. It allows users to access computing resources over the internet.
C. It replaces the need for secondary storage devices.
D. It only works with private networks.

B. It allows users to access computing resources over the internet, providing flexibility and scalability for businesses.

18. What is the primary role of Hadoop in data management?
A. It encrypts small datasets for security purposes.
B. It processes large-scale unstructured data efficiently.
C. It speeds up CPU clock cycles.
D. It replaces traditional hard drives with SSDs.

B. It processes large-scale unstructured data efficiently by using a distributed computing model, allowing for the storage and analysis of vast amounts of data across multiple nodes.

19. Which of the following best describes a blockchain?
A. A form of relational database used in cloud computing.
B. A decentralized, secure ledger for transactions.
C. A high-speed processing technology for CPUs.
D. A data compression technique for large files.

B. A decentralized, secure ledger for transactions that records data in a series of blocks linked together, ensuring transparency and immutability.

20. What is the main function of OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)?
A. To analyze multi-dimensional data for decision-making.
B. To process transactions in real time.
C. To store and manage cloud-based virtual machines.
D. To create relational database tables automatically.

A. To analyze multi-dimensional data for decision-making.