Unit 3 joints

How to classify joints?

functional-synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diathrosis

structural-fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

synarthrosis

non-moveable

Amphiarthrosis

limit slight movement

ex. intervertebral discs

Diarthrosis

freely moveable

ex. synovial joints

Fibrous

connected by fibrous connective tissue

what are the fibrous types?

suture- found in bone of skull

syndesmosis-connected with ligaments

gomphosis- found in the roots of teeth

Cartilaginous

connected by cartilage

what are the two types of cartilaginous?

synchondrosis-joined by hyaline or united to a cartilage structure

symphysis- bones joined by fibrocartilage

Synovial

enclosed within articular capsule

thin layer of hyaline covering articulating surfaces of each bone in the joint, reduces friction

cushion joints

Layers of synovial joint

articular capsule

synovial membrane and

articular cartilage

meniscus

larger c shaped fibrocartilage between bones

What are the types of synovial joints?

Pivot, Hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, ball and socket

Pivot joints

bone rotates within a ring of bone and ligament

uniaxial diarthrosis

Hinge joints

convex end of all bone meet concave end of another bone

uniaxial

Saddle joints

both articulating surfaces have a saddle shape

biaxial, wrist, thumb

Plane joints

articulating surfaces are flat and bones slide against each other,

condyloid joints

shallow depression of one bone articulates with rounded structure of an other bone

biaxial

Ball and socket joints

rounded head fits into curved cup (socket)

multiaxial, greatest range of motion

what bone articulates at that bone?

axis

temporomandibular

gelnohumeral joint

largest range of motion

support comes from rotator cuff corrsing the joint

hip joint

multaxial ball and socke joint

knee joint

largest joint in the body

has three different types- femoropatellas, medial tibiofemorla, later tibiofemoral