Dimensional Analysis and Scientific Notation (Concept 3 Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from dimensional analysis and scientific notation in the lecture notes.

Dimensional Analysis

A technique for converting numbers between units without changing their value, using conversion factors to cancel units and reach the desired units.

Conversion Factor

A ratio of equivalent values equal to 1 used to convert units (e.g., 24 hours = 1 day).

Picket Fence

A visual method in dimensional analysis where units are placed on opposite sides of a fence to ensure proper cancellation of units.

Unit Cancellation

The process of eliminating unwanted units when multiplying by conversion factors to leave the desired unit.

Steps in Dimensional Analysis

1) Write starting number and unit; 2) Draw a picket fence; 3) Fill in conversion factors to cancel units; 4) Multiply across numerator and denominator; 5) Divide to get final value.

Scientific Notation

A method to rewrite very large or very small numbers as a digit(s) times 10 raised to a power for easier use.

Notation Format

Digits with a decimal moved to after the first digit, followed by × 10^n (where n is the number of places the decimal moved). Example: 50,500 = 5.05 × 10^4.

Scientifc Notation Steps

1) Move decimal so only one digit is left of it; 2) Rewrite as #.# × 10^n; 3) Add exponent equal to places moved; 4) Use + if the original number was > 1, - if < 1.